Baumgartl P
Department of Medicine, District General Hospital, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria.
Int J Sports Med. 1990 Jun;11(3):223-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024796.
In a retrospective study in elite biathletes we investigated to what extent spiroergometric data, determinations of the anaerobic threshold and measurements of heart volume were related to former training programs, respectively subsequent achievements in competition. Between 1980 and 1987 top athletes of international (team A) as well as of national class (team B) underwent maximal graded treadmill tests in the laboratory. Twice a year maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg.bw/min), maximal treadmill velocity (km/h), oxygen uptake and treadmill velocity at the anaerobic threshold (defined at 4 mmol/l lactate) were measured during maximal exercise, and absolute and relative heart-volume (heart volume/kg.bw) were evaluated at rest. Evaluation of ergospirometric and heart volume data revealed some relationship to various forms and intensities of training. Observations of team A athletes showed that up to 1985 there was a fairly good relationship between ergospirometry findings and achievements in competition during the following season. For heart volume, however, no such relationship could be found. The skating method introduced in cross-country skiing in 1985 gave more importance to the running technique than to absolute endurance capacity. From this time on the predictive value of laboratory tests clearly diminished.
在一项针对精英冬季两项运动员的回顾性研究中，我们调查了心肺功能测试数据、无氧阈值测定以及心脏容积测量分别与以往训练计划以及随后比赛成绩的关联程度。1980年至1987年间，国际级（A组）和国家级（B组）的顶尖运动员在实验室进行了最大分级跑步机测试。每年两次，在最大运动期间测量最大摄氧量（毫升/千克体重/分钟）、最大跑步机速度（千米/小时）、无氧阈值时的摄氧量和跑步机速度（定义为血乳酸4毫摩尔/升时），并在静息状态下评估绝对和相对心脏容积（心脏容积/千克体重）。对心肺功能和心脏容积数据的评估揭示了与各种训练形式和强度之间的一些关系。对A组运动员的观察表明，直到1985年，心肺功能测试结果与下一个赛季的比赛成绩之间存在相当良好的关系。然而，对于心脏容积，未发现此类关系。1985年越野滑雪中引入的滑冰方法更注重跑步技术而非绝对耐力能力。从那时起，实验室测试的预测价值明显降低。
