Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2011 Jan;1(1):447-65. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c091003.
The ability of diving mammals to forage at depth on a breath hold of air is dependent on gas exchange, both in the lung and in peripheral tissues. Anatomical and physiological adaptations in the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood and peripheral tissues contribute to the remarkable breath-hold capacities of these animals. The end results of these adaptations include efficient ventilation, enhanced oxygen storage, regulated transport and delivery of respiratory gases, extreme hypoxemic/ischemic tolerance, and pressure tolerance.
潜水哺乳动物在屏住呼吸的情况下在深水中觅食的能力取决于气体交换，包括肺部和外周组织中的气体交换。呼吸系统、心血管系统、血液和外周组织的解剖和生理适应性有助于这些动物非凡的屏息能力。这些适应性的最终结果包括有效的通气、增强的氧气储存、呼吸气体的调节运输和输送、极端的低氧/缺血耐受以及耐压能力。
