Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2013 Aug;41(8):1922-9. doi: 10.1177/0363546513490644. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Significant knowledge deficits exist regarding sports injuries in the young child. Children continue to engage in physically demanding, organized sports to a greater extent despite the lack of physical readiness, predisposing themselves to injury.
To evaluate sports injuries sustained in very young children (5-12 years) versus their older counterparts (13-17 years) with regard to the type and location of injuries, severity, and diagnosis.
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
A retrospective chart review was performed on a 5% random probability sample (final N = 2133) of 5- to 17-year-old patients treated for sports injuries in the Division of Sports Medicine at a large, academic pediatric medical center between 2000 and 2009. Using descriptive statistics, correlates of injuries by age group, injury type, and body area are shown.
Five- to 12-year-old patients differed in key ways from older patients. Children in this category sustained injuries that were more often traumatic in nature and more commonly of the upper extremity. Older patients (13-17 years) were more likely to be treated for injuries to the chest, hip/pelvis, and spine. A greater proportion of the older children were treated for overuse injuries, as compared with their younger counterparts (54.4% vs. 49.2%, respectively), and a much larger proportion of these injuries were classified as soft tissue injuries as opposed to bony injuries (37.9% vs. 26.1%, respectively). Injury diagnosis differed between the 2 age groups. The 13- to 17-year age group sustained more anterior cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and spondylolysis, while younger children were diagnosed with fractures, including physeal fractures, apophysitis, and osteochondritis dissecans. The 5- to 12-year-old patients treated for spine injuries were disproportionately female (75.8%); most of these injuries were overuse (78.8%) and bony (60.6%); over one third of the youngest children were diagnosed with spondylolysis. Surgery was required in 40% of the injuries in the full sample.
Sports injuries to children differ by age in injury diagnosis, type, and body area. Older children sustain a greater proportion of overuse injuries classified as soft tissue in nature. Children of all ages are sustaining significant sports injuries that require surgical intervention.
儿童在运动损伤方面存在着严重的知识缺陷。尽管儿童身体尚未准备好，但他们仍更多地参与高体能要求的有组织运动，使自己容易受伤。
评估 5-12 岁（幼童组）和 13-17 岁（大龄儿童组）儿童的运动损伤类型和部位、严重程度和诊断情况。
横断面研究；证据水平，3 级。
对 2000 年至 2009 年期间，在一家大型学术儿科医疗中心运动医学科接受运动损伤治疗的 5-17 岁患者的 5%随机概率样本（最终 N=2133）进行回顾性图表审查。采用描述性统计方法，按年龄组、损伤类型和身体部位显示了损伤的相关因素。
与大龄儿童相比，5-12 岁儿童在关键方面存在差异。该年龄段的儿童损伤更常为创伤性，更常见于上肢。大龄儿童（13-17 岁）更可能因胸部、臀部/骨盆和脊柱受伤而接受治疗。与幼童相比，大龄儿童中更多的是因过度使用受伤（分别为 54.4%和 49.2%），且这些损伤中更多的是软组织损伤（分别为 37.9%和 26.1%）而非骨损伤。2 个年龄组的损伤诊断不同。13-17 岁年龄组的前交叉韧带损伤、半月板撕裂和脊椎峡部裂更为常见，而幼童则被诊断为骨折，包括骺板骨折、附骨炎和骨软骨炎。5-12 岁因脊柱损伤而接受治疗的儿童中，女性比例不成比例（75.8%）；这些损伤大多为过度使用（78.8%）和骨损伤（60.6%）；超过三分之一的幼童被诊断为脊椎峡部裂。在全样本中，40%的损伤需要手术。
儿童运动损伤的诊断、类型和部位因年龄而异。大龄儿童更多地发生过度使用性损伤，且大多为软组织损伤。所有年龄段的儿童都有严重的运动损伤，需要手术干预。
