Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
Nanoscale. 2013 Jul 21;5(14):6422-9. doi: 10.1039/c3nr01844j. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
We report the synthesis, characterization and applications in Li-ion batteries of a set of 3-dimensional (3-D) nanostructured conducting oxides including fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). The morphology of these 3-D conducting oxide nanoarchitectures can be directed towards either mono-dispersed hollow nanobead matrix or mono-dispersed sponge-like nanoporous matrix by controlling the surface charge of the templating polystyrene (PS) nanobeads, the steric hindrance and hydrolysis rates of the precursors, pH of the solvents etc. during the evaporative co-assembly of the PS beads. These 3-D nanostructured conducting oxide matrices possess high surface area (over 100 m(2) g(-1)) and accessible interconnected pores extending in all three spatial dimensions. By optimizing the temperature profile during calcination, we can obtain large area (of a few cm(2)) and crack-free nanoarchitectured films with thickness over 60 μm. As such, the sheet resistance of these nanoarchitectured films on FTO glass can reach below 20 Ω per square. The nanoarchitectured FTO electrodes were used as anodes in Li-ion batteries, and they showed an enhanced cycling performance and stability over pure SnO2.
我们报告了一系列三维（3-D）纳米结构导电氧化物的合成、表征及其在锂离子电池中的应用，包括氟化锡（FTO）和氧化锌铝（AZO）。通过控制模板聚苯乙烯（PS）纳米球的表面电荷、前体的空间位阻和水解速率、溶剂的 pH 值等，可以将这些 3-D 导电氧化物纳米结构的形态引导为单分散空心纳米珠基质或单分散海绵状纳米多孔基质。在 PS 珠的蒸发共组装过程中。这些 3-D 纳米结构的导电氧化物基质具有高的比表面积（超过 100 m(2) g(-1))和可及的相互连接的孔，在所有三个空间维度上延伸。通过优化煅烧过程中的温度曲线，我们可以获得大面积（几平方厘米）且无裂纹的纳米结构薄膜，厚度超过 60 μm。因此，这些纳米结构 FTO 玻璃上的薄膜电阻可达到每平方低于 20 欧姆。纳米结构的 FTO 电极被用作锂离子电池的阳极，它们显示出比纯 SnO2 更好的循环性能和稳定性。
