Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2014 Jan-Feb;10(1):21-44. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.04.015. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Implementation of tobacco use cessation interventions however requires strategies that reach large proportions of the population. Pharmacy personnel are therefore a potential human resource for delivering tobacco use cessation interventions.
This review aimed to identify, describe and synthesis currently available evidence on the effectiveness of tobacco use cessation interventions delivered by pharmacy personnel.
The following electronic databases were searched for studies published until May 2012: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge and the Current Controlled Trials Register. This review considered controlled clinical trials and randomized controlled trials, which were comparing any pharmacy personnel delivered tobacco use cessation intervention to no treatment, usual care or other active treatments. The outcomes of interest were: abstinence (e.g., point prevalence; continuous abstinence) and relapse (e.g., time to relapse) as measured by the respective studies. The results were not pooled due to high levels of clinical heterogeneity.
Ten eligible studies with a total of 20,133 participants were identified. Results suggest pharmacy personnel delivered non-pharmacological interventions offering behavioral counseling or support for tobacco use cessation could be beneficial, particularly from 6 months follow-up onwards. Combining these non-pharmacological with pharmacological interventions could also be beneficial. The results for the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were mixed with some findings suggesting intervention benefits, and others suggesting no clear benefit.
Pharmacy personnel-delivered non-pharmacological tobacco use cessation interventions offering behavioral counseling or support, and those combining these non-pharmacological interventions with NRT/pharmacological approaches, are potentially effective. No clear benefit has been demonstrated on pharmacy personnel-delivered NRT interventions. However, these findings are based on a very limited number of studies and hence more evidence is needed before more robust conclusions can be made.
吸烟仍然是可预防的发病率和死亡率的主要原因。然而，实施戒烟干预措施需要能够覆盖大量人群的策略。药剂师因此成为提供戒烟干预措施的潜在人力资源。
本综述旨在确定、描述和综合目前可获得的关于药剂师提供的戒烟干预措施有效性的证据。
本综述检索了截至 2012 年 5 月发表的研究，使用的电子数据库包括 MEDLINE、EMBASE、PSYCINFO、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Knowledge 和当前对照试验登记处。本综述考虑了比较任何由药剂师提供的戒烟干预措施与无治疗、常规护理或其他活性治疗的对照临床试验和随机对照试验。感兴趣的结果是：由各自研究测量的戒烟率（例如，点流行率；持续戒烟率）和复吸率（例如，复吸时间）。由于临床异质性水平高，因此没有对结果进行汇总。
确定了 10 项符合条件的研究，共涉及 20,133 名参与者。结果表明，药剂师提供的非药物干预措施，如提供行为咨询或支持戒烟，可能是有益的，特别是在 6 个月随访后。将这些非药物干预措施与药物干预措施结合起来也可能是有益的。尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）干预效果的结果喜忧参半，一些研究结果表明干预有益，而另一些研究结果则表明没有明显益处。
药剂师提供的非药物戒烟干预措施，如提供行为咨询或支持，以及将这些非药物干预措施与 NRT/药物方法结合起来，可能是有效的。没有明确的证据表明药剂师提供的 NRT 干预措施有效。然而，这些发现是基于非常有限数量的研究，因此需要更多的证据才能得出更可靠的结论。
