State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Dec;20(12):8890-9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1862-z. Epub 2013 Jun 8.
Enantiomeric compositions and fractions (EFs) of three chiral imidazole (econazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) and one chiral triazole (tebuconazole) antifungals were investigated in wastewater, river water, and bed sediment of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The imidazole pharmaceuticals in the untreated wastewater were racemic to weakly nonracemic (EFs of 0.450-0.530) and showed weak enantioselectivity during treatment in the sewage treatment plant. The EFs of the dissolved azole antifungals were usually different from those of the sorbed azoles in the suspended particulate matter, suggesting different behaviors for the enantiomers of the chiral azole antifungals in the dissolved and particulate phases of the wastewater. The azole antifungals were widely present in the rivers. The bed sediment was a sink for the imidazole antifungals. The imidazoles were prevalently racemic, whereas tebuconazole was widely nonracemic in the rivers. Seasonal effects were observed on distribution and chirality of the azole antifungals. Concentrations of the azole antifungals in the river water were relatively higher in winter than in spring and summer while the EF of miconazole in the river water was higher in summer. The mechanism of enantiomeric behavior of the chiral azole antifungals in the environment warrants further research.
本研究调查了中国珠江三角洲废水中、河水中和底泥中三种手性咪唑（依康唑、酮康唑和咪康唑）和一种手性三唑（戊唑醇）抗真菌药物的对映体组成和分数（EF）。未经处理的废水中的咪唑类药物为外消旋体到弱非外消旋体（EF 为 0.450-0.530），并且在污水处理厂处理过程中表现出较弱的对映选择性。溶解态唑类抗真菌药物的 EF 通常与悬浮颗粒物中吸附态唑类药物的 EF 不同，表明手性唑类抗真菌药物在废水中溶解相和颗粒相中的对映体具有不同的行为。唑类抗真菌药物在河流中广泛存在。底泥是咪唑类抗真菌药物的汇。这些咪唑类药物主要为外消旋体，而戊唑醇在河流中广泛为非外消旋体。唑类抗真菌药物在环境中的分布和手性表现出季节性影响。河水中唑类抗真菌药物的浓度在冬季相对高于春季和夏季，而河水中咪康唑的 EF 在夏季较高。环境中手性唑类抗真菌药物对映体行为的机制需要进一步研究。
