Mesa Francisco, Souki Nizar, Galindo-Moreno Pablo, Velasco-Torres Miguel, O'Valle Francisco, Bravo Manuel
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Sep;25(9):1034-40. doi: 10.1111/clr.12207. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
To investigate the relationship of tobacco consumption with alveolar crest height (ACH) loss and mandibular bone mass estimated by digital panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
We studied 315 patients (43.2% [n = 136] men and 56.8% [n = 179] women) with mean age of 36.6 ± 5.3 (range 21-30 years (16.2%), range 31-46 years (83.8%); 9% (n = 71) were smokers (>10 cig./day). A mean of 13.0 ± 2.0 mandibular teeth were present: 37.5% of patients had 6-12 teeth and 62.5% 13-16 teeth. We analyzed 315 digital panoramic radiographs (2D) and calculated the ACH, mandibular cortical width, and basal and alveolar bone gray level values. ACH and bone density were also measured on CBCT (3D) in the 110 patients scheduled for implantation.
In the univariate analysis, ACH loss was greater in older patients (P = 0.012) and in those with fewer mandibular teeth (P < 0.001) and showed a relationship with tobacco consumption that was close to significant (P = 0.079). In the multivariate analysis, the number of mandibular teeth (P < 0.001) and tobacco consumption (P = 0.048) were significantly associated with ACH. Alveolar and basal bone densities were associated, respectively, with number of mandibular teeth (P = 0.012) and cortical width (P = 0.030).
In a Caucasian population aged 21-46 years, tobacco consumption was significantly associated with ACH loss. However, ACH loss showed no significant relationship with mandibular bone mass estimated either as mandibular cortical width index or bone density on digital panoramic radiographs or as bone density on CBCT. ACH loss was a local event independent of mandibular bone mass status.
通过数字化全景X线片和锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），研究烟草消费与牙槽嵴高度（ACH）丧失及下颌骨骨量之间的关系。
我们研究了315例患者（男性占43.2%[n = 136]，女性占56.8%[n = 179]），平均年龄为36.6±5.3岁（年龄范围21 - 30岁占16.2%，31 - 46岁占83.8%）；9%（n = 71）为吸烟者（每天吸烟>10支）。平均有13.0±2.0颗下颌牙：37.5%的患者有6 - 12颗牙，62.5%的患者有13 - 16颗牙。我们分析了315张数字化全景X线片（二维），并计算ACH、下颌骨皮质宽度以及基骨和牙槽骨灰度值。对计划进行种植的110例患者，还在CBCT（三维）上测量了ACH和骨密度。
单因素分析中，年龄较大的患者ACH丧失更多（P = 0.012），下颌牙较少的患者ACH丧失更多（P < 0.001），且ACH丧失与烟草消费之间存在接近显著的关系（P = 0.079）。多因素分析中，下颌牙数量（P < 0.001）和烟草消费（P = 0.048）与ACH显著相关。牙槽骨密度和基骨密度分别与下颌牙数量（P = 0.012）和皮质宽度（P = 0.030）相关。
在年龄为21 - 46岁的白种人群中，烟草消费与ACH丧失显著相关。然而，ACH丧失与通过数字化全景X线片上的下颌骨皮质宽度指数或骨密度，或CBCT上的骨密度所估计的下颌骨骨量无显著关系。ACH丧失是一个独立于下颌骨骨量状态的局部事件。
