William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;27(4):847-53. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12122. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
The incidence and causes of metabolic alkalosis in dogs and cats have not been fully investigated.
To describe the incidence, nature, and etiology of metabolic alkalosis in dogs and cats undergoing blood gas analysis at a veterinary teaching hospital.
Dogs and cats at a veterinary medical teaching hospital.
Acid-base and electrolyte results for dogs and cats measured during a 13-month period were retrospectively collected from a computer database. Only the first measured (venous or arterial) blood gas analyzed in a single hospitalization period was included. Animals with a base excess above the reference range for the species were included.
A total of 1,805 dogs and cats were included. Of these, 349 (19%) were identified as having an increased standardized base excess, 319 dogs and 30 cats. The mixed acid-base disorder of metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis was the most common abnormality identified in both dogs and cats. Hypokalemia and hypochloremia were more common in animals with metabolic alkalosis compared to animals without metabolic alkalosis. The 4 most commonly identified underlying diseases were respiratory disease, gastrointestinal tract obstruction, furosemide administration, and renal disease.
Metabolic alkalosis was less common than metabolic acidosis in the same population of animals. Evidence of contraction alkalosis was present in many patients in this study. Hypokalemia and hypochloremia were more frequent in patients with metabolic alkalosis and suggest the importance of evaluation of acid-base status in conjunction with serum electrolyte concentrations.
犬猫代谢性碱中毒的发病率和病因尚未得到充分研究。
描述兽医教学医院进行血气分析的犬猫代谢性碱中毒的发病率、性质和病因。
兽医教学医院的犬猫。
从计算机数据库中回顾性收集了在 13 个月期间测量的犬猫酸碱和电解质结果。仅包括在单个住院期间测量的第一次（静脉或动脉）血气分析。纳入基础超出物种参考范围的动物。
共纳入 1805 只犬猫。其中 349 只（19%）被确定为基础过剩增加，其中 319 只为犬，30 只为猫。代谢性碱中毒伴呼吸性酸中毒的混合性酸碱紊乱是在犬和猫中最常见的异常。与没有代谢性碱中毒的动物相比，低钾血症和低氯血症在代谢性碱中毒动物中更为常见。最常见的 4 种潜在疾病是呼吸疾病、胃肠道梗阻、呋塞米给药和肾脏疾病。
在同一动物群体中，代谢性碱中毒比代谢性酸中毒少见。本研究中的许多患者存在收缩性碱中毒的证据。低钾血症和低氯血症在代谢性碱中毒患者中更为常见，这表明在评估酸碱状态时结合血清电解质浓度的重要性。
