Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) patterning by an automated microarray synthesis system through photolithography.

Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) microarray assembled with hundreds of unique PNA oligomers has been regarded as a new and mighty competitor of DNA chip in gene analyzing. However, PNA microarray is still a luxury art due to the difficult and laborious chemical synthesis. Herein, we have developed a fully-automated synthesizer for PNA microarray through photolithography. A preactivation mixer was designed and integrated into the synthesizer in order to get rid of the annoying manual process and increase the coupling efficiency of PNA monomers. The PNA patterning model was carried out to check the performance of the automated synthesizer, revealing that an exposure time of 3 min was sufficient for the complete removal of o-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC) groups from the synthetic sites with the help of photosensitizer isopropylthioxanthone and the stepwise yield was measured to be about 98.0%, which is comparable with that from conventional fluorenyl-methyloxycarbonyl (FMOC) chemistry. Those results have definitely demonstrated the possibility and capability of this fully-automated synthesizer to fabricate high-quality PNA microarrays.