Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Trends Cell Biol. 2013 Oct;23(10):493-503. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.05.002. Epub 2013 Jun 8.
Neurotransmission is based on the exocytic release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles (SVs) at nerve terminals and the subsequent retrieval of SV membranes. Evidence from genetic analysis of model organisms, high-resolution imaging, and biochemical studies indicate that, in addition to the well-studied function of exo-endocytic protein networks, membrane lipids and their derivatives play a key role in SV cycling. These include structural lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids as well as phosphoinositides (PIs), which interact with select components of the exocytic and endocytic machineries, thereby coupling both limbs of the SV cycle. Here we provide an overview of the function of lipids in SV cycling and discuss potential models of how lipids and lipid-protein interactions may regulate presynaptic function.
神经传递基于神经末梢突触小泡（SVs）的胞吐释放神经递质，以及随后 SV 膜的再循环。来自模式生物的遗传分析、高分辨率成像和生化研究的证据表明，除了研究充分的外排-内吞蛋白网络的功能外，膜脂质及其衍生物在 SV 循环中起着关键作用。这些脂质包括结构脂质，如胆固醇和鞘脂，以及磷酸肌醇（PIs），它们与外排和内吞机制的特定成分相互作用，从而连接 SV 循环的两个分支。本文概述了脂质在 SV 循环中的功能，并讨论了脂质和脂质-蛋白相互作用如何调节突触前功能的潜在模型。
