University of Rome Sapienza II, Rome, Italy.
Epilepsy Behav. 2013 Jul;28 Suppl 1:S25-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.11.045.
In juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), occurrence of seizures and epileptiform EEG discharges is influenced by internal and external factors. The most important internal factor is the chronodependency: the occurrence of myoclonic jerks in the early morning is one of the hallmarks of JME. Approximately two-thirds of the patients with JME report that seizures are provoked by a variety of general factors like stress, fatigue, fever, and sleep and more specific precipitants like flashing sunlight, music, reading, thinking, and excess alcohol. The prevalence rate of photosensitivity (photoparoxysmal EEG response) in patients with JME ranges from 8 to 90%; it is seen more often in females and adolescents and depends on drug use. Since both JME and photosensitivity are connected with generalized types of epilepsy and myoclonus, the two traits are comorbid for that reason. Epileptiform EEG discharges can be provoked by other activation methods: sleep, hyperventilation, and specific cognitive tasks. Attention seems to have a non-specific, inhibitory effect of the epileptiform discharges. Hyperventilation can induce absence seizures in patients with JME, while cognitive tasks are efficient in precipitating myoclonic seizures. This article is part of a supplemental special issue entitled Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: What is it Really?
在青少年肌阵挛癫痫（JME）中，发作和癫痫样 EEG 放电的发生受到内部和外部因素的影响。最重要的内部因素是时间依赖性：清晨出现肌阵挛性抽搐是 JME 的特征之一。大约三分之二的 JME 患者报告说，发作是由各种一般因素引起的，如压力、疲劳、发热和睡眠，以及更具体的诱因，如闪烁的阳光、音乐、阅读、思考和过量饮酒。JME 患者的光敏性（光惊发电图反应）患病率为 8%至 90%；它在女性和青少年中更为常见，并且取决于药物使用情况。由于 JME 和光敏性都与全身性癫痫和肌阵挛有关，因此这两种特征是共病的。癫痫样 EEG 放电可通过其他激活方法诱发：睡眠、过度通气和特定认知任务。注意力似乎对癫痫样放电具有非特异性的抑制作用。过度通气可诱发 JME 患者失神发作，而认知任务可有效诱发肌阵挛发作。本文是题为“青少年肌阵挛癫痫：它到底是什么？”的补充特刊的一部分。
