Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1B1.
J Exp Biol. 2013 Jul 1;216(Pt 13):2442-50. doi: 10.1242/jeb.082370.
Sensory neurons continually adapt their processing properties in response to changes in the sensory environment or the brain's internal state. Neuromodulators are thought to mediate such adaptation through a variety of receptors and their action has been implicated in processes such as attention, learning and memory, aggression, reproductive behaviour and state-dependent mechanisms. Here, we review recent work on neuromodulation of electrosensory processing by acetylcholine and serotonin in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. Specifically, our review focuses on how experimental application of these neuromodulators alters excitability and responses to sensory input of pyramidal cells within the hindbrain electrosensory lateral line lobe. We then discuss current hypotheses on the functional roles of these two neuromodulatory pathways in regulating electrosensory processing at the organismal level and the need for identifying the natural behavioural conditions that activate these pathways.
感觉神经元通过各种受体不断适应感觉环境或大脑内部状态的变化，从而调整其处理特性。人们认为神经调质通过多种受体介导这种适应，其作用与注意力、学习和记忆、攻击性、生殖行为和状态依赖机制等过程有关。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于弱电鱼 Apteronotus leptorhynchus 中乙酰胆碱和血清素对电感觉处理的神经调制的研究。具体来说，我们的综述重点介绍了这些神经调质的实验应用如何改变后脑电感觉侧线叶中的锥体细胞的兴奋性和对感觉输入的反应。然后，我们讨论了这两种神经调质途径在调节生物体水平的电感觉处理方面的功能作用的现有假设，以及确定激活这些途径的自然行为条件的必要性。
