Wong-Riley Margaret T T, Besharse Joseph C
Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Biomol Concepts. 2012 Jun 1;3(3):267-282. doi: 10.1515/bmc-2011-0064.
Kinesins are ATP-dependent molecular motors that carry cargos along microtubules, generally in an anterograde direction. They are classified into 14 distinct families with varying structural and functional characteristics. KIF17 is a member of the kinesin-2 family that is plus end-directed. It is a homodimer with a pair of head motor domains that bind microtubules, a coiled-coil stalk, and a tail domain that binds cargos. In neurons, KIF17 transports -methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit, kainate receptor GluR5, and potassium Kv4.2 channels from cell bodies exclusively to dendrites. These cargos are necessary for synaptic transmission, learning, memory, and other functions. KIF17's interaction with NXF2 enables the transport of mRNA bidirectionally in dendrites. KIF17 or its homolog OSM-3 also mediates intraflagellar transport of cargos to the distal tips of flagella or cilia, thereby aiding in ciliogenesis. In many invertebrate and vertebrate sensory cells, KIF17 delivers cargos that contribute to chemosensory perception and signal transduction. In vertebrate photoreceptors, KIF17 is necessary for outer segment development and disc morphogenesis. In the testis, KIF17 (KIF17b) mediates microtubule-independent delivery of ACT from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and microtubule-dependent transport of Spatial-ε, both are presumably involved in spermatogenesis. KIF17 is also implicated in epithelial polarity and morphogenesis, placental transport and development, and the development of specific brain regions. The transcriptional regulation of KIF17 has recently been found to be mediated by nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), which also regulates NR2B as well as energy metabolism in neurons. Dysfunctions of KIF17 are linked to a number of pathologies.
驱动蛋白是依赖三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的分子马达，通常沿微管向顺行方向运输货物。它们被分为14个不同的家族，具有不同的结构和功能特征。驱动蛋白17（KIF17）是驱动蛋白-2家族的成员，向微管的正端移动。它是一种同型二聚体，有一对与微管结合的头部运动结构域、一个卷曲螺旋状的柄以及一个与货物结合的尾部结构域。在神经元中，KIF17将N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体NR2B亚基、红藻氨酸受体GluR5和钾离子通道Kv4.2仅从细胞体运输到树突。这些货物对于突触传递、学习、记忆及其他功能是必需的。KIF17与核转运因子2（NXF2）的相互作用使得信使核糖核酸（mRNA）能够在树突中双向运输。KIF17或其同源物OSM-3也介导货物向鞭毛或纤毛远端的鞭毛内运输，从而有助于纤毛的形成。在许多无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的感觉细胞中，KIF17运输有助于化学感觉感知和信号转导的货物。在脊椎动物的光感受器中，KIF17对于外段发育和盘状形态发生是必需的。在睾丸中，KIF17（KIF17b）介导雄激素结合蛋白（ACT）从细胞核到细胞质的不依赖微管的运输以及Spatial-ε的依赖微管的运输，这两者可能都参与精子发生。KIF17也与上皮极性和形态发生、胎盘运输和发育以及特定脑区的发育有关。最近发现KIF17的转录调控由核呼吸因子1（NRF-1）介导，NRF-1也调节NR2B以及神经元中的能量代谢。KIF17的功能障碍与许多疾病有关。
