Satyavani G, Chandrasehar G, Varma K Krishna, Goparaju A, Ayyappan S, Reddy P Neelakanta, Murthy P Balakrishna
Toxicology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu 601301, India.
ISRN Toxicol. 2012 Nov 14;2012:247072. doi: 10.5402/2012/247072. Print 2012.
In order to investigate the effect of expired pesticides on the yield and growth rate of green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, a study was conducted as per the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline number 201. Fifteen expired pesticide formulations, most commonly used in Indian agriculture, were tested in comparison with their unexpired counterparts. The expired pesticide formulations studied belonged to various class and functional groups: organophosphate, pyrethroid-based insecticides; azole-based fungicides; acetamide, propionate, acetic acid-based herbicides; fungicides mixtures containing two actives-azole and dithiocarbamate. The toxicity endpoints of yield (EyC50: 0-72 h) and growth rate (ErC50: 0-72 h) of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for each pesticide formulation (both expired and unexpired pesticides) were determined statistically using TOXSTAT 3.5 version software. The results pointed out that some expired pesticide formulations exhibited higher toxicity to tested algal species, as compared to the corresponding unexpired pesticides. These data thus stress the need for greater care to dispose expired pesticides to water bodies, to avoid the effects on aquatic ecospecies tested.
为了研究过期农药对绿藻小新月菱形藻产量和生长速率的影响，按照经济合作与发展组织（OECD）第201号指南开展了一项研究。对印度农业中最常用的15种过期农药制剂与其未过期的对应制剂进行了测试。所研究的过期农药制剂属于不同类别和官能团：有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂；唑类杀菌剂；酰胺类、丙酸类、乙酸类除草剂；含有两种活性成分（唑类和二硫代氨基甲酸盐）的杀菌剂混合物。使用TOXSTAT 3.5版本软件对每种农药制剂（过期和未过期农药）的小新月菱形藻产量毒性终点（EyC50：0 - 72小时）和生长速率毒性终点（ErC50：0 - 72小时）进行了统计学测定。结果指出，与相应的未过期农药相比，一些过期农药制剂对受试藻类表现出更高的毒性。因此，这些数据强调了在将过期农药排放到水体时需要更加谨慎，以避免对受试水生生态物种产生影响。
