Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2013 Aug;16(8):1054-60. doi: 10.1111/ele.12138. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Although the ecological and evolutionary impacts of species interactions have been the foci of much research, the relationship between the strength of species interactions and the intensity of selection has been investigated only rarely. I develop a simple model demonstrating how the opportunity for selection varies with interaction strength, and then use the relationship between the maximum value of the selection differential and the opportunity for selection (Arnold & Wade 1984) to evaluate how selection differentials vary in relation to species interaction strength. This model predicts an initial deceleration and then an accelerating increase in the intensity of selection with increasing strength of antagonistic interactions and with decreasing strength of mutualistic interactions. Empirical data from several studies provide support for this model. These results further support an evolutionary mechanism for some striking patterns of evolutionary diversification including the latitudinal species gradient, and should be relevant to studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
虽然物种相互作用的生态和进化影响一直是许多研究的焦点，但物种相互作用的强度与选择强度之间的关系却很少被研究。我提出了一个简单的模型，演示了选择机会如何随相互作用强度而变化，然后利用选择差的最大值与选择机会之间的关系（Arnold & Wade 1984），来评估选择差如何随物种相互作用强度的变化而变化。该模型预测，随着拮抗相互作用强度的增加和互利相互作用强度的降低，选择的强度最初会减速，然后会加速增加。来自多项研究的实证数据支持了这一模型。这些结果进一步支持了一些引人注目的进化多样化模式的进化机制，包括纬度物种梯度，并且应该与生态进化动态的研究相关。
