Ismail T, Lee C
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Selayang Campus, Jalan Prima Selayang 7, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia.
Med J Malaysia. 2011 Mar;66(1):76-82.
Opportunistic pneumonias are major causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. The majority of new HIV infections in Malaysia are adults aged 20 to 39 years old and many are unaware of their HIV status until they present with an opportunistic infection. HIV associated opportunistic pneumonias can progress rapidly without appropriate therapy. Therefore a proper diagnostic evaluation is vital and prompt empiric treatment of the suspected diagnosis should be commenced while waiting for the results of the diagnostic studies. Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and recurrent bacterial pneumonias are common causes of AIDS-defining diseases and are discussed in this article.
机会性肺炎是HIV感染者发病和死亡的主要原因。马来西亚大多数新感染HIV的是20至39岁的成年人，许多人在出现机会性感染之前都不知道自己感染了HIV。未经适当治疗，与HIV相关的机会性肺炎可能迅速进展。因此，进行适当的诊断评估至关重要，在等待诊断研究结果的同时，应立即对疑似诊断进行经验性治疗。结核病、肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）和复发性细菌性肺炎是艾滋病界定疾病的常见病因，本文将对此进行讨论。
