Lee Haewon, Ahn Deborah Y, Choi Soyoung, Kim Youngchan, Choi Hyunju, Park Sang Min
Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2013 May;46(3):118-26. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.118. Epub 2013 May 31.
We investigated the major trends in health aid financing in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by identifying the primary donor organizations and examining several data sources to track overall health aid trends. We collected gross disbursements from bilateral donor countries and international organizations toward the DPRK according to specific health sectors by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development creditor reporting system database and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs financial tracking service database. We analyzed sources of health aid to the DPRK from the Republic of Korea (ROK) using the official records from the ROK's Ministry of Unification. We identified the ROK, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) as the major donor entities not only according to their level of health aid expenditures but also their growing roles within the health sector of the DPRK. We found that health aid from the ROK is comprised of funding from the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, private organizations, local governments, and South Korean branches of international organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. We also distinguished medical equipment aid from developmental aid to show that the majority of health aid from the ROK was developmental aid. This study highlights the valuable role of the ROK in the flow of health aid to the DPRK, especially in light of the DPRK's precarious international status. Although global health aid from many international organizations has decreased, organizations such as GFATM and UNFPA continue to maintain their focus on reproductive health and infectious diseases.
我们通过确定主要捐助组织并审查多个数据来源以追踪总体卫生援助趋势，来调查朝鲜卫生援助融资的主要趋势。我们利用经济合作与发展组织债权人报告系统数据库和联合国人道主义事务协调厅财务跟踪服务数据库，按特定卫生部门收集双边捐助国和国际组织向朝鲜的总支出。我们使用韩国统一部的官方记录分析了韩国对朝鲜的卫生援助来源。我们确定韩国、联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）、世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国人口基金（UNFPA）和全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金（GFATM）不仅是主要捐助实体，这不仅基于它们的卫生援助支出水平，还基于它们在朝鲜卫生部门日益重要的作用。我们发现，韩国提供的卫生援助包括韩朝合作基金、私人组织、地方政府以及WHO和UNICEF等国际组织韩国分支机构提供的资金。我们还区分了医疗设备援助和发展援助，以表明韩国提供的大部分卫生援助是发展援助。这项研究凸显了韩国在向朝鲜提供卫生援助方面的重要作用，特别是鉴于朝鲜不稳定的国际地位。尽管许多国际组织提供的全球卫生援助有所减少，但GFATM和UNFPA等组织继续将重点放在生殖健康和传染病方面。
