Poorolajal Jalal, Cheraghi Parvin, Hazavehei Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan
Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sci-ences, Hamadan, Iran.
J Res Health Sci. 2012 May 29;13(1):63-8.
Injuries are the first leading but predictable, avoidable and preventable cause of death among under five-year children worldwide. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with mothers' beliefs and practices concerning injury prevention in under five-year children.
This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2011 in Hamadan County, the west of Iran, enrolling 580 mothers with at least one under five-year child. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including 85 questions regarding demographic characteristics; knowledge; practices; Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs; and history of injury occurrence among the children. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data had been collected through interview with mothers, by trained interviewers.
Almost 22.59% of mothers reported at least one injury in their under five-year children. Of 131 injuries occurred, 85 cases were mild, 23 cases were moderate, and 23 cases were severe. About 52.67% of injuries occurred in boys, 37.41% in less than one-year children, 73.28% at home, and 61.07% when the children were playing game. Fall (24.28%), burn (20.61%) and poisoning (14.50%) were the common causes of injuries. There was a positive correlation between mothers' practices and knowledge, perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy and a negative correlation between mothers' practices and perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers.
Knowledge, perceived severity, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy of mothers toward the injuries in children were among the most important predictive constructs, which may be used for planning educating programs.
伤害是全球五岁以下儿童死亡的首要原因，但却是可预测、可避免和可预防的。本研究旨在确定与母亲关于五岁以下儿童伤害预防的信念和行为相关的因素。
这项横断面研究于2011年8月至10月在伊朗西部的哈马丹县进行，纳入了580名至少有一名五岁以下儿童的母亲。数据收集工具是一份问卷，包括85个关于人口统计学特征、知识、行为、健康信念模型（HBM）结构以及儿童伤害发生史的问题。通过使用克朗巴赫α系数的预试验对问卷的信度进行评估。数据通过由经过培训的访谈员对母亲进行访谈收集。
近22.59%的母亲报告其五岁以下儿童至少发生过一次伤害。在发生的131起伤害中，85例为轻度，23例为中度，23例为重度。约52.67%的伤害发生在男孩身上，37.41%发生在一岁以下儿童身上，73.28%发生在家中，61.07%发生在儿童玩耍时。跌倒（24.28%）、烧伤（20.61%）和中毒（14.50%）是伤害的常见原因。母亲的行为与知识、感知到的益处、行动线索和自我效能之间呈正相关，而母亲的行为与感知到的易感性、严重性和障碍之间呈负相关。
母亲对儿童伤害的知识、感知到的严重性、感知到的障碍、行动线索和自我效能是最重要的预测结构，可用于规划教育项目。
