Gorman Linda S
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA.
Clin Lab Sci. 2013 Spring;26(2):118-25.
The adrenal gland, while small in size, provides a major punch to human metabolism. The interplay between the adrenal cortex hormones aldosterone and cortisol provides needed regulation to human metabolism. Aldosterone regulates the body sodium content affecting blood pressure thru fluid-volume regulation by the kidney. Cortisol, also from the adrenal cortex, contributes to regulation of glucose and protein metabolism. Diseases like addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome that affect the normal levels of these hormones can lead to serious pathologies that need to be detected thru clinical laboratory testing. The inner core of the adrenal gland, called the medulla, houses the catecholamine epinephrine, a fast acting neuropeptide hormone that can influence body action and energy levels quickly. The pheochromocytomas pathology of the adrenal medulla adversely affects the medulla hormones and needs to be recognized by clinical laboratory testing. The overview of the adrenal gland and its potential pathologies needs to be looked at anew in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder to find any linkage that may aid in the treatment and cure of our affected military soldiers. This interrelationship between cortisol and epinephrine in PTSD should be closely evaluated to determine if the suspected linkages are significant.
肾上腺虽然体积小，但对人体新陈代谢有着重大影响。肾上腺皮质激素醛固酮和皮质醇之间的相互作用为人体新陈代谢提供了必要的调节。醛固酮通过肾脏对液体量的调节来调节体内钠含量，从而影响血压。同样来自肾上腺皮质的皮质醇有助于调节葡萄糖和蛋白质代谢。像艾迪生病和库欣综合征这样影响这些激素正常水平的疾病会导致严重的病理状况，需要通过临床实验室检测来发现。肾上腺的内核称为髓质，其中含有儿茶酚胺肾上腺素，这是一种作用迅速的神经肽激素，可迅速影响身体活动和能量水平。肾上腺髓质的嗜铬细胞瘤病理状况会对髓质激素产生不利影响，需要通过临床实验室检测来识别。肾上腺及其潜在病理状况的概述需要结合创伤后应激障碍重新审视，以发现任何可能有助于治疗和治愈受影响的士兵的联系。创伤后应激障碍中皮质醇和肾上腺素之间的这种相互关系应进行密切评估，以确定可疑的联系是否显著。
