Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Sep;24(9):469-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.004. Epub 2013 Jun 15.
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Retrospective studies show that metformin is associated with decreased cancer risk. This historical correlation has driven vigorous research campaigns to determine the anticancer mechanisms of metformin. Consolidating the preclinical data is a challenge because unanswered questions remain concerning relevant mechanisms, bioavailability, and genetic factors that confer metformin sensitivity. Perhaps the most important unanswered question is whether metformin has activity against cancer in non-diabetics. In this review we highlight the proposed mechanisms of metformin action in cancer and discuss ongoing clinical trials with metformin in cancer. Improved understanding of these issues will increase the chances for successful application of metformin as an inexpensive, well-tolerated, and effective anticancer agent.
二甲双胍是 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）最常开的药物。回顾性研究表明，二甲双胍与降低癌症风险有关。这种历史相关性促使人们开展了大量研究，以确定二甲双胍的抗癌机制。整合临床前数据具有挑战性，因为相关机制、生物利用度和赋予二甲双胍敏感性的遗传因素仍存在未解决的问题。也许最重要的未解决问题是二甲双胍是否对非糖尿病患者的癌症有活性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了二甲双胍在癌症中的作用机制，并讨论了二甲双胍在癌症中的临床试验。更好地理解这些问题将增加二甲双胍作为一种廉价、耐受良好且有效的抗癌药物成功应用的机会。
