School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), Bradenton campus, Bradenton, FL, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jul 1;70(13):1132-9. doi: 10.2146/ajhp120421.
The current literature on the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular health is reviewed.
A comprehensive literature search identified reports on 13 observational studies and 9 clinical trials pertaining to calcium supplement use and the risk of adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke; cardiovascular events were not primary endpoints of any of the reviewed studies, most of which focused on the effects of calcium use on bone health. Several large cohort studies by researchers in Australia, France, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere have found no significant associations between moderate calcium supplementation and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in otherwise healthy individuals; in some studies, calcium use appeared to confer preventive benefits. However, evidence from other studies suggests that increased calcium supplementation may be associated with an increased risk of MI, as well as a possible link between elevated serum calcium levels and carotid artery plaque buildup. In general, the studies of calcium use and cardiovascular health published to date have had important limitations (e.g., small samples, homogeneous study populations, reliance on self-reported data, lack of or inadequate controlling for established CVD risk factors), and the findings should be interpreted with caution.
The results of studies on the influence of calcium supplements on the cardiovascular system have been varied. Overall, the benefits of calcium supplementation, including the positive effects on bone health, appear to outweigh the theoretical risk of increased cardiovascular events.
综述钙补充剂对心血管健康影响的现有文献。
通过全面的文献检索，共发现了 13 项观察性研究和 9 项临床试验报告，涉及钙补充剂的使用与不良结局（如心血管疾病、心肌梗死和中风）的风险；但这些研究均未将心血管事件作为主要终点，其中大多数研究侧重于钙对骨骼健康的影响。来自澳大利亚、法国、德国、瑞典、英国和其他国家的几位研究人员进行的几项大型队列研究发现，在健康个体中，适度钙补充与不良心血管结局之间无显著关联；在一些研究中，钙的使用似乎具有预防益处。然而，其他研究的证据表明，增加钙补充可能与心肌梗死风险增加有关，以及血清钙水平升高与颈动脉斑块形成之间可能存在联系。总的来说，迄今为止发表的关于钙使用与心血管健康的研究存在重要局限性（例如，样本量小、研究人群同质、依赖于自我报告的数据、缺乏或不能充分控制已确定的心血管危险因素），应谨慎解释这些发现。
关于钙补充剂对心血管系统影响的研究结果不一。总体而言，钙补充的益处，包括对骨骼健康的积极影响，似乎超过了理论上心血管事件增加的风险。
