Lapid Oren, Jolink Folkert, Meijer Sybren L
From the Departments of *Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery and †Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ann Plast Surg. 2015 Feb;74(2):163-6. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182920aed.
This study aimed to analyze the histopathology results of surgically excised breast specimens with the diagnosis of gynecomastia (GM).
Gynecomastia is a term used to describe benign hypertrophy of the breast in men; it is a common, mostly transient, phenomenon in adolescents, but may also be seen in older men. Breast enlargement can lead to psychological problems; if it persists it can be surgically corrected. The obtained breast tissue specimens are routinely submitted for pathological examination. We performed this study to assess the prevalence of pathological findings after surgical management of GM.
Pathology reports were obtained from the nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology in the Netherlands (PALGA). The reports of 5113 breasts were analyzed for the prevalence of pathologies in different age groups.
The average age of the patients was 35.3 ± 18.3 years (range, 1-88 years). The most common finding was GM followed by pseudo-GM. The overall prevalence of invasive carcinomas was 0.11% and of in situ carcinomas was 0.18%. The youngest patient with invasive cancer was 65 years old and the youngest patient with carcinoma in situ was 24 years old. The overall prevalence of atypical ductal hyperplasia was 0.4%; in patients younger than 20 years, it was 0.23%. The youngest patient with atypical ductal hyperplasia was 16 years old. Pathological findings were found more often in unilateral procedures.
The prevalence of malignancies in GM resection specimens is low; however, it increases with patient age. Unilateral cases have a statistically nonsignificant higher prevalence of pathologies.
Prognostic/risk II.
本研究旨在分析经手术切除并诊断为男性乳腺增生（GM）的乳腺标本的组织病理学结果。
男性乳腺增生是用于描述男性乳腺良性增生的术语；它在青少年中是一种常见的、大多为短暂性的现象，但也可见于老年男性。乳腺增大可导致心理问题；若持续存在可通过手术矫正。所获取的乳腺组织标本通常会送去做病理检查。我们开展本研究以评估GM手术治疗后病理结果的发生率。
从荷兰全国性的组织病理学和细胞病理学网络及登记处（PALGA）获取病理报告。分析5113例乳腺的报告，以了解不同年龄组的病理发生率。
患者的平均年龄为35.3±18.3岁（范围1 - 88岁）。最常见的发现是GM，其次是假性GM。浸润性癌的总体发生率为0.11%，原位癌为0.18%。最年轻的浸润性癌患者为65岁，最年轻的原位癌患者为24岁。非典型导管增生的总体发生率为0.4%；在20岁以下的患者中为0.23%。最年轻的非典型导管增生患者为16岁。病理结果在单侧手术中更常见。
GM切除标本中恶性肿瘤的发生率较低；然而，其随患者年龄增加而升高。单侧病例的病理发生率在统计学上虽无显著差异，但略高。
预后/风险II级。
