Ohsuka Keiko
Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological & Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2013 Mar;60(3):128-37.
To investigate the association between lifestyle and body proportion in children.
The subjects were 499 students at "B" primary school, located in "A" prefecture. Data were obtained by analyzing the results of routine health checkups carried out in the fiscal year 2007 by using self-reported questionnaires on lifestyle. For the analysis of body proportion, the degree of obesity (overweight degree) divided by sex, age, and body height was calculated using a standard weight-based criterion; values greater than +20% indicated an inclination toward obesity, and values smaller than -20% indicated a tendency toward underweight. To analyze the relation between body proportion and lifestyle, binomial logistic regression analysis was performed using body proportion ("normal group" and "obesity inclination/underweight group") as the dependent variable and lifestyle as the independent variable. In addition, lifestyle factors common to and unrelated to both the obesity-inclined and the underweight groups were examined.
Comparison between the incidences of children with an inclination toward either obesity or underweight with national averages in the same fiscal year revealed that the overall inclination toward obesity was high in boys. Among other factors, influence by lifestyle habits such as insufficient chewing and the habit of watching TV for long periods was suggested. The incidence of children tending toward underweight or obesity was high among boys in the fourth and fifth grades and in girls in the fifth grade. Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as "insufficient chewing" (2.1 times the number of those who chew well; P = 0.016) and "TV watching for more than 2 hours per day" (1.9 times the number of those who do not watch TV for more than 2 hours per day; P = 0.071) were highly correlated with the incidence of underweight or obesity. In addition, when we categorized the relationship between lifestyle and body proportion into 3 types ("tendency to underweight", "normal," and "obesity inclination"), we found a high incidence of the unhealthy lifestyle factor "insufficient chewing" in the groups that tended toward underweight or obesity and "TV watching for more than 2 hours per day" in the group that was inclined toward obesity.
When considering lifestyle issues, children inclined toward being either obese or underweight are often perceived to be contradictory to their external appearance. However, the results of the present study suggest that children with a tendency to be underweight and those with an inclination toward obesity share several lifestyle habits such as insufficient chewing.
研究儿童生活方式与身体比例之间的关联。
研究对象为位于“A”县的“B”小学的499名学生。通过分析2007财年常规健康检查结果，并使用关于生活方式的自填问卷来获取数据。对于身体比例分析，采用基于标准体重的标准计算按性别、年龄和身高划分的肥胖程度（超重程度）；大于+20%的值表明有肥胖倾向，小于-20%的值表明有体重过轻倾向。为分析身体比例与生活方式之间的关系，以身体比例（“正常组”和“肥胖倾向/体重过轻组”）作为因变量，生活方式作为自变量进行二项逻辑回归分析。此外，还研究了肥胖倾向组和体重过轻组共有的以及不相关的生活方式因素。
将有肥胖或体重过轻倾向的儿童发生率与同一财年的全国平均水平进行比较，发现男孩总体肥胖倾向较高。在其他因素中，提示了咀嚼不足和长时间看电视等生活习惯的影响。四年级和五年级的男孩以及五年级的女孩中，体重过轻或肥胖倾向儿童的发生率较高。逻辑回归分析表明，“咀嚼不足”（咀嚼良好者的2.1倍；P = 0.016）和“每天看电视超过2小时”（每天看电视不超过2小时者的1.9倍；P = 0.071）等不健康生活习惯的发生与体重过轻或肥胖的发生率高度相关。此外，当我们将生活方式与身体比例之间的关系分为3种类型（“体重过轻倾向”、“正常”和“肥胖倾向”）时，我们发现在体重过轻或肥胖倾向组中“咀嚼不足”这一不健康生活方式因素的发生率较高，而在肥胖倾向组中“每天看电视超过2小时”的发生率较高。
在考虑生活方式问题时，体重过轻或肥胖倾向的儿童往往与其外在形象相矛盾。然而，本研究结果表明，体重过轻倾向儿童和肥胖倾向儿童有一些共同的生活习惯，如咀嚼不足。
