Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CEA/DSV/Prositon, Route du Panorama, BP6 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
Health Phys. 2013 Aug;105(2):201-7. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318290c5a9.
The accident in Fukushima has emphasized the need to increase the capacity of health protection for exposed workers, first responders, and the general public in a major accident situation with release of radioactivity. Skin contamination is one of the most probable risks following major nuclear or radiological incidents, but this risk also exists and incidents can happen in industry, research laboratories, or in nuclear medicine departments. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the products currently used after skin contamination in order to highlight the needs and ways to improve the medical management of victims. From this review, it can be observed that the current use of these radiological decontamination products is essentially based on empiricism. In addition, some of these products are harsh and irritating, even toxic, possibly damaging the skin barrier. In some emergency situations in which clean water is in short supply, most of the current products cannot be used. Research on the mechanisms of action of decontaminating products is needed to develop a decontamination strategy.
福岛事故强调了在放射性物质释放的重大事故情况下，需要增加暴露工人、第一响应者和公众的健康保护能力。皮肤污染是重大核或放射事件后最可能的风险之一，但这种风险也存在，并且在工业、研究实验室或核医学部门也可能发生事故。本文的目的是概述目前在皮肤污染后使用的产品，以突出受害者医疗管理的需求和改进方法。从这篇综述中可以看出，目前这些放射性去污产品的使用主要基于经验。此外，这些产品中的一些具有刺激性甚至毒性，可能会损害皮肤屏障。在清洁水供应短缺的某些紧急情况下，目前的大多数产品都无法使用。需要对去污产品的作用机制进行研究，以制定去污策略。
