Zong Yiwei, Stanger Ben Z
Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2012 Sep-Oct;1(5):643-55. doi: 10.1002/wdev.47. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
The liver is derived from the ventral foregut endoderm. After hepatic specification, liver progenitor cells delaminate from the endoderm and invade the septum transversum mesenchyme to form the liver bud. In addition to proliferation and expansion, liver progenitor cells differentiate into two epithelial cell types, each arranged into unique structures with distinctive function. Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during liver development are regulated by a variety of factors that are expressed in a spatially and temporally specific manner. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the liver development has influenced the diagnosis of liver diseases and further progress will be critical for future advances in therapy. This review highlights some of the best understood steps of liver development, summarizing progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie differentiation, morphogenesis, and functional integration of the liver.
肝脏起源于腹侧前肠内胚层。在肝脏特化之后，肝脏祖细胞从内胚层脱离并侵入横隔间质以形成肝芽。除了增殖和扩张外，肝脏祖细胞还分化为两种上皮细胞类型，每种细胞类型排列成具有独特功能的独特结构。肝脏发育过程中的生长、形态发生和分化受多种以时空特异性方式表达的因子调控。对肝脏发育潜在调控机制的全面理解影响了肝脏疾病的诊断，而进一步的进展对于未来治疗的进步至关重要。本综述重点介绍了一些已被充分理解的肝脏发育步骤，总结了我们在理解肝脏分化、形态发生和功能整合的分子机制方面取得的进展。
