Latalova Klara, Ociskova Marie, Prasko Jan, Kamaradova Dana, Jelenova Daniela, Sedlackova Zuzana
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(4):265-72.
Prejudicial beliefs, emotions, and behaviours cause discrimination against people labeled as mentally ill. This stigmatization is sometimes internalized by the patients, leading to self-stigmatization. Specific features and impacts of stigmatization and self-stigmatization in patients with bipolar illness are the subjects of this review.
Studies were identified through PUBMED, Web of Science and Scopus databases as well as existing reviews. The search terms included "bipolar disorder", "stigma", "self-stigma" psychoeducation", "psychotherapy", "psychosocial treatment". Key articles listed in reference lists were searched.
Considerable recent evidence indicates that bipolar patients and their families are stigmatized, and that this stigmatization affects their quality of life as well as social functioning. The severity of stigmatization in bipolar disorder is greater than that in people with depression. There is also evidence of self-stigmatization which further decreases the quality of life. Stigmatization and self-stigmatization were shown to be one of the barriers that delay or prevent effective treatment, and thus exert adverse effects on the outcomes of bipolar disorder.
Stigma affects the experience of illness as well as social functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. The impact of stigma on the lives and treatment outcomes of patients with bipolar disorder mandates intensive effort of mental health research and policy to address this problem. Much has been done against the stigmatization of the mentally ill. But the fight against stigma remains a fundamental objective of health programs for mental health.
偏见性信念、情感和行为导致对被贴上精神疾病标签者的歧视。这种污名化有时会被患者内化，导致自我污名化。双相情感障碍患者污名化和自我污名化的具体特征及影响是本综述的主题。
通过PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库以及现有综述来识别研究。检索词包括“双相情感障碍”“污名”“自我污名”“心理教育”“心理治疗”“社会心理治疗”。对参考文献列表中列出的关键文章进行检索。
近期大量证据表明，双相情感障碍患者及其家属受到污名化，这种污名化影响他们的生活质量和社会功能。双相情感障碍的污名化严重程度高于抑郁症患者。也有自我污名化的证据，这进一步降低了生活质量。污名化和自我污名化被证明是延迟或阻碍有效治疗的障碍之一，因此对双相情感障碍的治疗结果产生不利影响。
污名影响双相情感障碍患者的疾病体验和社会功能。污名对双相情感障碍患者生活和治疗结果的影响要求心理健康研究和政策做出积极努力来解决这一问题。针对精神疾病污名化已经做了很多工作。但反对污名化仍然是心理健康项目的一个基本目标。
