Benato Livia, Rice Caroline J, Wernery Ulli, McKeown Sean, Bailey Tom A
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2013 Jun;44(2):245-50. doi: 10.1638/2011-0025R3.1.
Analysis of vitamins and trace elements has gained importance in avian medicine in recent years. It has become evident that interpretation should be based on species-specific reference intervals due to differences in intervals between species. This study was performed to evaluate the blood concentrations of vitamins A (retinol), B1 (thiamine), C (ascorbic acid), and E (alpha-tocopherol) and trace elements copper, selenium, and zinc for greater flamingos (Phoeniconaias (Phoenicopterus) rubeus) and lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor). Reference intervals of vitamins and trace elements are presented for clinically healthy flamingos. Thirty-six clinically healthy greater flamingos, divided into male and female groups, and 14 healthy lesser flamingos were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the vitamin and trace element concentrations between male and female greater flamingos, but there was a statistically significant difference between greater flamingos and lesser flamingos for ascorbic acid, copper, and selenium. Blood concentration of ascorbic acid was greater (P < 0.001) in lesser flamingos (122.66 +/- 31.53 microM) than in male and female greater flamingos (40.53 +/- 13.83 and 30.44 +/- 11.43 microM, respectively). Blood concentrations of copper and selenium were greater (P < 0.001) in greater flamingos (copper: 5.57 +/- 1.3 microM for males, 5.65 +/- 1.53 microM for females; selenium: 2.74 +/- 0.43 microM for males, 2.54 +/- 0.7 microM for females) than lesser flamingos (copper: 2.45 +/- 1.96 microM; selenium: 0.45 +/- 0.29 microM). The mean +/- SD of vitamins A, B1, and E and zinc are reported as entire group (male and female greater flamingos and lesser flamingos): vitamin A, 1.54 +/- 0.45 micromM; thiamine, 0.49 +/- 0.07 jM; vitamin E, 31 +/- 9.8 micromol/L; and zinc, 29.52 +/- 6.49 microM.
近年来，维生素和微量元素分析在鸟类医学中变得越发重要。由于不同物种之间的参考区间存在差异，基于特定物种的参考区间进行解读已变得十分明显。本研究旨在评估大火烈鸟（Phoeniconaias (Phoenicopterus) rubeus）和小火烈鸟（Phoeniconaias minor）血液中维生素A（视黄醇）、B1（硫胺素）、C（抗坏血酸）和E（α-生育酚）以及微量元素铜、硒和锌的浓度。文中给出了临床健康火烈鸟的维生素和微量元素参考区间。对36只临床健康的大火烈鸟（分为雄性和雌性组）和14只健康的小火烈鸟进行了评估。雄性和雌性大火烈鸟之间的维生素和微量元素浓度无显著差异，但大火烈鸟和小火烈鸟在抗坏血酸、铜和硒方面存在统计学显著差异。小火烈鸟血液中抗坏血酸的浓度（122.66±31.53微摩尔/升）高于雄性和雌性大火烈鸟（分别为40.53±13.83和30.44±11.43微摩尔/升）（P<0.001）。大火烈鸟血液中铜和硒的浓度（铜：雄性为5.57±1.3微摩尔/升，雌性为5.65±1.53微摩尔/升；硒：雄性为2.74±0.43微摩尔/升，雌性为2.54±0.7微摩尔/升）高于小火烈鸟（铜：2.45±1.96微摩尔/升；硒：0.45±0.29微摩尔/升）（P<0.001）。维生素A、B1和E以及锌的平均值±标准差以整个组（雄性和雌性大火烈鸟以及小火烈鸟）报告如下：维生素A，1.54±0.45微摩尔/升；硫胺素, 0.49±0.07微摩尔/升；维生素E，31±9.8微摩尔/升；锌，29.52±6.49微摩尔/升。
