Tutel'ian V A, Lashneva N V
Vopr Pitan. 2013;82(1):4-22.
Flavonoids are the most numerous group of natural polyphenolic compounds, the secondary metabolites of plants that may play an important role in human health protection. Flavonols and flavones constitute the main two classes of flavonoids, whose antioxidant properties and high biological activity have been proofed both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes data, concerning the structure, occurrence and content of the main flavonols (quercetin, kaempherol, myricetin, isorhamnetin) and flavones (apigenin, luteolin) in some most widely consumed foodstuffs, including vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, beverages and other products of plant origin. The products with high content of these biologically active food compounds--the major dietary sources of them--are noted. Forms of flavonols and flavones more often distributed among edible plants are characterized and some of their known glycosides occurred in foods are enumerated. Some peculiarities, characteristic to flavonol sand flavones glycosilation (O- and/or C-glycosides formation) are described. The data for flavonol and flavone glycosides composition (profiles) of some commonly consumed commodities rich by these flavonoids (onions, cabbage, apples at al.) are shown. Information about levels of daily dietary intake of total and individual flavonols and flavones in several countries is presented. The questions about dietary habits and lifestyle factors and the contribution of certain foods to flavonols and flavones in daily dietary consumption values are also discussed.
黄酮类化合物是数量最多的一类天然多酚化合物，是植物的次生代谢产物，可能在保护人类健康方面发挥重要作用。黄酮醇和黄酮是黄酮类化合物的两大主要类别，其抗氧化特性和高生物活性已在体外和体内得到证实。本综述总结了一些最常食用的食品（包括蔬菜、水果、浆果、坚果、饮料及其他植物源性产品）中主要黄酮醇（槲皮素、山奈酚、杨梅素、异鼠李素）和黄酮（芹菜素、木犀草素）的结构、存在情况和含量的数据。指出了含有这些生物活性食品化合物且含量较高的产品——它们的主要膳食来源。对更常分布于可食用植物中的黄酮醇和黄酮形式进行了表征，并列举了食品中出现的一些已知糖苷。描述了黄酮醇和黄酮糖基化（形成O - 和/或C - 糖苷）的一些特点。展示了一些富含这些黄酮类化合物的常见商品（洋葱、卷心菜、苹果等）的黄酮醇和黄酮糖苷组成（概况）数据。介绍了几个国家总黄酮醇和单个黄酮醇及黄酮的每日膳食摄入量水平信息。还讨论了饮食习惯和生活方式因素以及某些食物在每日膳食消费值中对黄酮醇和黄酮的贡献等问题。
