Rahman Md Mominur, Sarker Md Taslim, Alam Tumpa Mst Afroza, Yamin Md, Islam Tamanna, Park Moon Nyeo, Islam Md Rezaul, Rauf Abdur, Sharma Rohit, Cavalu Simona, Kim Bonglee
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 8;13:950109. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950109. eCollection 2022.
Cancer is commonly thought to be the product of irregular cell division. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the major cause of death globally. Nature offers an abundant supply of bioactive compounds with high therapeutic efficacy. Anticancer effects have been studied in a variety of phytochemicals found in nature. When Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs are combined with natural compounds, the effectiveness improves. Several agents have already progressed to clinical trials based on these promising results of natural compounds against various cancer forms. Natural compounds prevent cancer cell proliferation, development, and metastasis by inducing cell cycle arrest, activating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and down-regulating activated signaling pathways. These natural chemicals are known to affect numerous important cellular signaling pathways, such as NF-B, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, Akt, p53, AR, ER, and many others, to cause cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without harming normal cells. As a result, non-toxic "natural drugs" taken from nature's bounty could be effective for the prevention of tumor progression and/or therapy of human malignancies, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments. Natural compounds have also been shown in preclinical studies to improve the sensitivity of resistant cancers to currently available chemotherapy agents. To summarize, preclinical and clinical findings against cancer indicate that natural-sourced compounds have promising anticancer efficacy. The vital purpose of these studies is to target cellular signaling pathways in cancer by natural compounds.
癌症通常被认为是细胞不规则分裂的产物。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，癌症是全球主要的死亡原因。自然界提供了大量具有高治疗功效的生物活性化合物。人们已经对自然界中发现的多种植物化学物质的抗癌作用进行了研究。当美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的抗癌药物与天然化合物联合使用时，疗效会提高。基于天然化合物对各种癌症形式的这些有前景的结果，一些药物已经进入临床试验阶段。天然化合物通过诱导细胞周期停滞、激活内在和外在凋亡途径、产生活性氧（ROS）以及下调激活的信号通路来预防癌细胞的增殖、发展和转移。已知这些天然化学物质会影响众多重要的细胞信号通路，如NF-κB、MAPK、Wnt、Notch、Akt、p53、AR、ER等等，从而在不损害正常细胞的情况下引发癌细胞死亡信号并诱导癌前细胞或癌细胞凋亡。因此，从大自然的馈赠中获取的无毒“天然药物”，无论是单独使用还是与传统治疗方法联合使用，都可能对预防肿瘤进展和/或治疗人类恶性肿瘤有效。临床前研究还表明，天然化合物可提高耐药性癌症对现有化疗药物的敏感性。总之，针对癌症的临床前和临床研究结果表明，天然来源的化合物具有有前景的抗癌功效。这些研究的重要目的是通过天然化合物靶向癌症中的细胞信号通路。
