The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Jun;11 Suppl 1:340-50. doi: 10.1111/jth.12214.
Recent work by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project showed that non-protein-coding RNAs account for an unexpectedly large proportion of the human genome. Among these non-coding RNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small RNA molecules that modulate protein expression by degrading mRNA or repressing mRNA translation. MiRNAs have been shown to play important roles in hematopoiesis including embryonic stem cell differentiation, erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis/monocytopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and megakaryocytopoiesis. Additionally, disordered miRNA biogenesis and quantitative or qualitative alterations in miRNAs and their targets are associated with hematological pathologies. Platelets contain machinery to process pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs, and specific platelet miRNA levels have been found to correlate with platelet reactivity. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of miRNAs in megakaryocytes and platelets, and the exciting possibilities for future megakaryocyte-platelet transcriptome research.
最近由 DNA 元件百科全书项目开展的一项研究表明，非蛋白编码 RNA 在人类基因组中占据了出乎意料的大比例。这些非编码 RNA 中包括 microRNAs（miRNAs），这是一种通过降解 mRNA 或抑制 mRNA 翻译来调节蛋白表达的小 RNA 分子。miRNAs 在造血过程中发挥着重要作用，包括胚胎干细胞分化、红细胞生成、粒细胞/单核细胞生成、淋巴生成和巨核细胞生成。此外，miRNA 的生物发生紊乱以及 miRNA 及其靶标的数量或质量改变与血液病理学有关。血小板含有将 pre-miRNA 加工成成熟 miRNA 的机制，并且已经发现特定的血小板 miRNA 水平与血小板反应性相关。这篇综述总结了 miRNA 在巨核细胞和血小板中的最新研究进展，以及未来巨核细胞-血小板转录组研究的令人兴奋的可能性。
