Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4245 Roosevelt Way Northeast, Box 354760, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2013 Jul;97(4):523-36, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2013.02.003. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
Clostridium difficile is emerging as a common cause of infectious diarrhea. Incidence has increased dramatically since 2000, associated with a new strain that features both increased toxin production and increased resistance to antibiotics. For patients with mild to moderate disease, oral metronidazole is usually the first choice of treatment, and those with severe disease should be treated with vancomycin, with additional intravenous metronidazole in some cases. Fecal microbiota transplantation is a potentially promising therapy for patients with multiple recurrences of C difficile infection. Prevention of nosocomial transmission is crucial to reducing disease outbreaks in health care settings.
艰难梭菌正成为一种常见的传染性腹泻病因。自 2000 年以来，其发病率显著增加，与一种新菌株有关，该菌株具有增加的毒素产生和增加的抗生素耐药性。对于轻度至中度疾病的患者，口服甲硝唑通常是首选治疗方法，而对于严重疾病的患者，应使用万古霉素治疗，在某些情况下还应加用静脉甲硝唑。粪便微生物群移植是治疗艰难梭菌感染多次复发的一种有前途的潜在疗法。预防医院内传播对于减少医疗机构中的疾病爆发至关重要。
