Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Sep 15;260:468-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.053. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites present severe hazards to human health and the environment, mainly because of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial to their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste materials. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in particle size distribution, organic matter content and pH, each spiked with sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfisoxazole (SX)). In order to test the applicability of leaching tests to polar contaminants batch and column tests were also compared. In the column tests, release was found to depend on the properties of both soil and sulfonamides. The fastest release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil; 100% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.9 L kg(-1) for all SAs). The slowest release was established for sulfadimethoxine (24.5% decrease in concentration until L/S 1.22 L kg(-1)). The results of the batch and column tests were comparable to a large extent, with slightly higher concentrations being obtained in the column test experiments of fine-grained soils with a high organic matter content.
磺胺类药物（SAs）及其代谢物对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁，主要是因为它们具有抗生素耐药性。了解其生物可利用性，包括它们在土壤中的吸附及其对土壤-地下水途径的影响，对于它们的风险评估至关重要。实验室批量和柱浸出试验是确定从土壤或废物中释放污染物的潜力的重要工具。用粒径分布、有机质含量和 pH 值不同的土壤进行了批量和柱试验，每个土壤都添加了磺胺类药物（磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）、磺胺胍（SGD）、磺胺异恶唑（SX））。为了测试浸出试验对极性污染物的适用性，还比较了批量和柱试验。在柱试验中，发现释放取决于土壤和磺胺类药物的性质。对于最小有机质含量的粗粒土壤（MS 土壤；所有磺胺类药物的浓度均降低 100%，直到液固比（L/S）为 0.9 L kg(-1)），释放最快。对于磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（浓度降低 24.5%，直到 L/S 为 1.22 L kg(-1)），释放最慢。批量和柱试验的结果在很大程度上是可比的，对于高有机质含量的细粒土壤，柱试验实验中获得的浓度略高。
