Department of Psychology, City University London, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom.
Behav Brain Sci. 2013 Jun;36(3):310-27. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x12003226.
The attempt to employ quantum principles for modeling cognition has enabled the introduction of several new concepts in psychology, such as the uncertainty principle, incompatibility, entanglement, and superposition. For many commentators, this is an exciting opportunity to question existing formal frameworks (notably classical probability theory) and explore what is to be gained by employing these novel conceptual tools. This is not to say that major empirical challenges are not there. For example, can we definitely prove the necessity for quantum, as opposed to classical, models? Can the distinction between compatibility and incompatibility inform our understanding of differences between human and nonhuman cognition? Are quantum models less constrained than classical ones? Does incompatibility arise as a limitation, to avoid the requirements from the principle of unicity, or is it an inherent (or essential?) characteristic of intelligent thought? For everyday judgments, do quantum principles allow more accurate prediction than classical ones? Some questions can be confidently addressed within existing quantum models. A definitive resolution of others will have to anticipate further work. What is clear is that the consideration of quantum cognitive models has enabled a new focus on a range of debates about fundamental aspects of cognition.
尝试将量子原理应用于认知建模，使心理学引入了几个新概念，如不确定性原理、不兼容性、纠缠和叠加。对许多评论家来说，这是一个令人兴奋的机会，可以质疑现有的形式框架（特别是经典概率论），并探索利用这些新的概念工具可以获得什么。这并不是说没有重大的经验挑战。例如，我们能否肯定地证明量子模型比经典模型更有必要？兼容性和不兼容性之间的区别是否能帮助我们理解人类和非人类认知之间的差异？量子模型是否比经典模型更不受限制？不兼容性是作为避免单一性原则要求的限制而出现的，还是智能思维的固有（或本质？）特征？对于日常判断，量子原理是否比经典原理允许更准确的预测？一些问题可以在现有的量子模型中得到自信的解答。其他问题的明确解决将不得不预测进一步的工作。显然，考虑量子认知模型使人们能够将注意力集中在关于认知基本方面的一系列争论上。
