Pharmacists as an underutilized resource for improving community-level support of breastfeeding.

With their highly visible roles in the community, frequent interactions with soon-to-be and new parents, and knowledge of medication safety, pharmacists can be a key component in breastfeeding promotion and support. A review of the literature showed that pharmacists have poor knowledge but positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and that pharmacy practices are variable and mostly guided by personal experience. A review of 58 health professional organizations' English-language infant feeding/breastfeeding policy statements showed that no US pharmacists' association has a position statement, as exists for professional pharmacist organizations in Canada and Australia. We explored pharmacists' interactions with mothers before and after birth and possible opportunities to expand pharmacists' roles in the promotion and support of breastfeeding. Barriers to meeting unmet needs of breastfeeding mothers were identified in order to plan strategies for implementing programs to address these barriers. Through input obtained from pharmacy and breastfeeding experts and from information available in the published literature, good matches between unmet needs and capabilities were identified in (a) provision of health promotion resources and public awareness campaigns, (b) assistance with purchase of breastfeeding products and pumps, and (c) provision of information, support, and referral related to commonly encountered difficulties as well as medication use during lactation. Absence of adequate breastfeeding knowledge was identified as a crucial barrier. Leveraging pharmacists to address unmet preventive health needs is especially important as we strive to align resources to support healthy behaviors in our current health care delivery environment.