Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Oct;181:68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.044. Epub 2013 Jun 29.
The increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in consumer products such as sunscreen has raised concerns about their possible risk to human and environmental health. In this work, we report the occurrence, size fractionation and behavior of titanium (Ti) in a children's swimming pool. Size-fractionated samples were analyzed for Ti using ICP-MS. Total titanium concentrations ([Ti]) in the pool water ranged between 21 μg/L and 60 μg/L and increased throughout the 101-day sampling period while [Ti] in tap water remained relatively constant. The majority of [Ti] was found in the dissolved phase (<1 kDa), with only a minor fraction of total [Ti] being considered either particulate or microparticulate. Simple models suggest that evaporation may account for the observed variation in [Ti], while sunscreen may be a relevant source of particulate and microparticule Ti. Compared to diet, incidental ingestion of nano-Ti from swimming pool water is minimal.
纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO2）在防晒霜等消费品中的使用日益增加，这引起了人们对其可能对人类和环境健康造成的风险的关注。在这项工作中，我们报告了儿童游泳池中钛（Ti）的存在、大小分级和行为。使用 ICP-MS 对大小分级的样品进行了 Ti 分析。池水的总钛浓度（[Ti]）在 21μg/L 至 60μg/L 之间变化，在 101 天的采样期间不断增加，而自来水的[Ti]则相对稳定。大部分[Ti]存在于溶解相中（<1 kDa），只有一小部分总[Ti]被认为是颗粒或微颗粒。简单的模型表明，蒸发可能是[Ti]观察到的变化的原因，而防晒霜可能是颗粒态和微颗粒态 Ti 的一个相关来源。与饮食相比，从游泳池水中偶然摄入纳米-Ti 的量很小。
