Gubata Marlene E, Piccirillo Amanda L, Packnett Elizabeth R, Cowan David N
Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Mil Med. 2013 Jul;178(7):708-14. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00542.
Physically demanding jobs and history of deployment put Soldiers at increased risk for injury, hospitalizations, and disability. Characterizing differences in disability outcomes by occupation and deployment history may identify specific military populations for targeted prevention and intervention programs as well as potential areas of future research.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on U.S. Army enlisted men evaluated in the Department of Defense's Disability Evaluation System (DES) between fiscal years 2005 and 2011, comparing those assigned a Combat Arms military occupational specialty (MOS) to individuals with any other MOS (Other).
Among deployed Soldiers, those with Combat Arms MOS were substantially and significantly more likely to receive medical disability retirement than Other MOS and were more likely to be evaluated for conditions compatible with combat exposures, including post-traumatic stress disorder, residuals of traumatic brain injury, and paralysis. Among nondeployed Soldiers, Combat Arms MOS were only slightly more likely to receive medical disability than Other MOS, and no substantial differences in medical conditions were noted between the two MOS groups.
Combat Arms MOS is a significant risk factor for disability retirement primarily among deployed men. Further research is needed to identify specific military occupations most at risk for disability retirement.
体力要求高的工作和部署经历会使士兵受伤、住院及残疾的风险增加。按职业和部署经历对残疾结果差异进行特征描述，可能会识别出适合有针对性的预防和干预项目的特定军人群体以及未来研究的潜在领域。
对2005财年至2011财年在美国国防部残疾评估系统（DES）中接受评估的美国陆军现役军人进行横断面分析，将被分配战斗兵种军事职业专长（MOS）的军人与其他任何MOS（其他）的军人进行比较。
在已部署的士兵中，拥有战斗兵种MOS的士兵比其他MOS的士兵获得医疗残疾退休的可能性显著更高，并且更有可能接受与战斗暴露相关病症的评估，包括创伤后应激障碍、创伤性脑损伤后遗症和瘫痪。在未部署的士兵中，战斗兵种MOS的士兵获得医疗残疾的可能性仅略高于其他MOS的士兵，且两组MOS之间在医疗状况方面未发现实质性差异。
战斗兵种MOS是导致残疾退休的一个重要风险因素，主要存在于已部署的男性士兵中。需要进一步研究以确定残疾退休风险最高的特定军事职业。
