Tinelli Francesca, Gamucci Alessandra, Battini Roberta, Cioni Giovanni
Ital J Pediatr. 2013 Jul 3;39:40. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-40.
Methadone is commonly prescribed as a substitute for illicit opioids. Use of methadone during pregnancy is associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), reduced head circumference as well as a slight increase in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Less is known about the effects of methadone on the visual system.
We report two Italian cases of nystagmus in infants born from mothers exposed to methadone during pregnancy. Ophthalmic or central disorders were excluded as a cause of nystagmus in both infants. The first case was followed at 3, 6 and 12 months while the second one was evaluated at 5 and 8 months. Both infants had normal neurological and cognitive development. Their first evaluation revealed different characteristics but both showed progressive improvement in ocular disorder, persistence of pendular horizontal nystagmus and nearly normal visual acuity.
This report, the first description of Italian cases of nystagmus related to use of methadone during pregnancy, underlies the importance of a careful investigation of drug use in pregnancy in cases of unexplained congenital nystagmus.
美沙酮通常被用作非法阿片类药物的替代品。孕期使用美沙酮与新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）、头围减小以及新生儿死亡率和发病率略有增加有关。关于美沙酮对视觉系统的影响，人们了解较少。
我们报告了两例意大利婴儿的眼球震颤病例，这些婴儿的母亲在孕期接触过美沙酮。两名婴儿均排除了眼科或中枢性疾病作为眼球震颤的病因。第一例婴儿在3个月、6个月和12个月时接受随访，第二例在5个月和8个月时接受评估。两名婴儿的神经和认知发育均正常。他们的首次评估显示出不同的特征，但均表现出眼部疾病逐渐改善、摆动性水平眼球震颤持续存在且视力接近正常。
本报告首次描述了意大利孕期使用美沙酮相关的眼球震颤病例，强调了在不明原因先天性眼球震颤病例中仔细调查孕期用药情况的重要性。
