School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.
N Biotechnol. 2013 Sep 25;30(6):734-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.06.005. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
Oil spills can be disastrous to any ecosystem. Bioremediation through bioaugmentation (addition of oil-degrading bacteria) and biostimulation (addition of nutrients N&P) options can be a promising strategy for combating oil spills following first response actions. However, bioaugmentation is one of the most controversial issues of bioremediation since nutrient addition alone has a greater effect on oil biodegradation than the addition of microbial products that are highly dependent on environmental conditions. There is increasing evidence that the best way to overcome the above barriers is to use microorganisms from the polluted area, an approach proposed as autochthonous bioaugmentation (ABA) and defined as the bioaugmentation technology that uses exclusively microorganisms indigenous to the sites (soil, sand, and water) to be decontaminated. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of an ABA strategy for the successful remediation of polluted marine environments. A consortium was enriched from seawater samples taken from Elefsina Gulf near the Hellenic Petroleum Refinery, a site exposed to chronic crude oil pollution. Pre-adapted consortium was tested alone or in combination with inorganic nutrients in the presence (or not) of biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) in 30-day experiments. Treatment with fertilizers in the presence of biosurfactants exhibited the highest alkane and PAH degradation and showed highest growth over a period of almost 15 days. Considering the above, the use of biostimulation additives in combination with naturally pre-adapted hydrocarbon degrading consortia has proved to be a very effective treatment and it is a promising strategy in the future especially when combined with lipophilic fertilizers instead of inorganic nutrients. Such an approach becomes more pertinent when the oil spill approaches near the shoreline and immediate hydrocarbon degradation is needed.
溢油对任何生态系统都可能是灾难性的。生物修复通过生物增强（添加降解石油的细菌）和生物刺激（添加营养物质 N 和 P）的方法，可以成为应对首次反应行动后溢油的有前途的策略。然而，生物增强是生物修复中最具争议的问题之一，因为单独添加营养物质对石油生物降解的影响大于添加高度依赖环境条件的微生物产物的影响。越来越多的证据表明，克服上述障碍的最佳方法是使用来自污染区域的微生物，这是一种被提议为土著生物增强（ABA）的方法，并被定义为仅使用受污染地点（土壤、沙子和水）土著微生物的生物增强技术。在这项研究中，我们研究了 ABA 策略在成功修复污染海洋环境方面的有效性。从位于埃莱夫西纳湾的希腊石油精炼厂附近的海水样本中富集了一个 consortium，该地点受到慢性原油污染。在 presence 或 absence 的情况下，预适应 consortium 单独或与无机营养物一起进行了 30 天的测试（生物表面活性剂（鼠李糖脂）。在 presence 下添加肥料与生物表面活性剂一起处理表现出最高的烷烃和 PAH 降解，并在近 15 天的时间内表现出最高的生长。考虑到这一点，生物刺激添加剂与天然预适应烃降解 consortium 的结合使用已被证明是一种非常有效的处理方法，特别是在与亲脂性肥料结合使用而不是无机营养物时，这是一种很有前途的策略。当溢油接近海岸线并且需要立即进行烃类降解时，这种方法变得更加相关。
