Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;54(8):1153-60. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.017. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
The aim of this study is to explore empirical clusters within the population of young Spanish individuals attending outpatient pathological gambling treatment.
The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory-R (TCI-R) and other clinical and psychopathological measures were administered to 154 patients (between 17 and 25 years old). The two-step cluster analysis explored the presence of empirical heterogeneous groups based on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics.
Three clusters of young pathological gambling patients emerged. Type I showed less psychopathology and more functional personality traits. Type II showed a profile characterized by major emotional distress, shame, immaturity, hostility and negative feelings. Type III showed the most severe psychopathological profile and most psychopathological disturbances and schizotypal traits.
These results suggest that three distinct endophenotypes exist, and that environmental factors have a stronger influence in the first, while in the second and third, individual factors related to deficits of emotional regulation stand out.
本研究旨在探索参加门诊病理性赌博治疗的年轻西班牙个体人群中的经验性聚类。
对 154 名患者（年龄在 17 至 25 岁之间）进行了 South Oaks Gambling Screen（SOGS）、Symptom Checklist（SCL-90-R）、Temperament and Character Inventory-R（TCI-R）和其他临床和精神病理学测量。两步聚类分析根据临床和社会人口统计学特征探索经验异质群体的存在。
出现了三组年轻病理性赌博患者。I 型表现出较少的精神病理学和更多的功能性人格特质。II 型表现出以主要情绪困扰、羞耻、不成熟、敌意和负面情绪为特征的特征。III 型表现出最严重的精神病理学特征和最多的精神病理学障碍和精神分裂特质。
这些结果表明存在三种不同的表型，环境因素对第一组的影响更强，而在第二组和第三组中，与情绪调节缺陷相关的个体因素更为突出。
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