Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London Medical School at King's College London Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2013 Nov;37(5):535-45. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.05.016. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
The development of autoimmune disease is based on the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental causes. Environmental factors include infectious and non-infectious agents, with some of these factors being implicated in several autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D is now believed to play a role in the development (or prevention) of several autoimmune diseases, based on its immunomodulatory properties. As well, the increasing incidence of autoimmune disease as one moves away from the equator, may be due to the lack of sunlight, which is crucial for the maintenance of normal vitamin D levels. A deficiency in vitamin D levels or vitamin D receptors is commonly indicated in autoimmune diseases, with multiple sclerosis (MS) being one of the best-studied and well-known examples. However, the role of vitamin D in other autoimmune diseases is not well defined, including autoimmune liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This review will examine the role of vitamin D as an immunomodulator, followed by a comparison of vitamin D in MS versus autoimmune liver disease. From this comparison, it will become clear that vitamin D likely plays a role in the development of autoimmune liver disease, but this area requires further investigation.
自身免疫性疾病的发展基于遗传易感性和环境原因的相互作用。环境因素包括感染性和非感染性因素，其中一些因素与几种自身免疫性疾病有关。基于其免疫调节特性，维生素 D 现在被认为在几种自身免疫性疾病的发展（或预防）中发挥作用。此外，随着人们远离赤道，自身免疫性疾病的发病率不断上升，这可能是由于缺乏阳光，而阳光对于维持正常的维生素 D 水平至关重要。维生素 D 水平或维生素 D 受体的缺乏在自身免疫性疾病中很常见，多发性硬化症 (MS) 就是研究最多和最著名的例子之一。然而，维生素 D 在其他自身免疫性疾病中的作用尚未得到很好的定义，包括原发性胆汁性肝硬化、自身免疫性肝炎和原发性硬化性胆管炎等自身免疫性肝病。这篇综述将探讨维生素 D 作为免疫调节剂的作用，然后比较 MS 与自身免疫性肝病中的维生素 D。通过这种比较，可以清楚地看出维生素 D 可能在自身免疫性肝病的发展中起作用，但这一领域需要进一步研究。
