Tamura Masahiko, Miwa Kazuhisa
Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2013 Jun;84(2):103-11. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.84.103.
To solve an insight problem, a problem solver needs to relax mental constraints that prevent solving the problem, and to shift a search in an incorrect problem space into a search in a correct problem space. In this paper, we investigate how a tracking stimulus that guides problem solvers' eye movements affects the formation and relaxation of constraints in insight problem solving. We conducted two experiments using an insight task and an eye-tracking task in which participants' eye movements were expected to inhibit the fixation constraints in the insight task. Participants engaged in the tracking task before the constraints were formed in Experiment 1 and after the constraints were formed in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants who performed the tracking task were inhibited in forming the constraints more than those in the control condition. In both Experiments 1 and 2, the tracking task affects the participants' hypothesis formation in the insight problem solving processes. In particular, participants who were presented the tracking stimulus found a target rule faster after beginning to relax the constraints than those in the control condition.
为了解决顿悟问题，问题解决者需要放松那些阻碍问题解决的心理限制，并将在错误问题空间中的搜索转移到正确问题空间中的搜索。在本文中，我们研究了一种引导问题解决者眼球运动的跟踪刺激如何影响顿悟问题解决中限制的形成和放松。我们进行了两项实验，使用了一个顿悟任务和一个眼动追踪任务，其中参与者的眼球运动预计会抑制顿悟任务中的固定限制。在实验1中，参与者在限制形成之前进行跟踪任务；在实验2中，参与者在限制形成之后进行跟踪任务。在实验1中，执行跟踪任务的参与者在形成限制方面比控制条件下的参与者受到更多抑制。在实验1和实验2中，跟踪任务都会影响参与者在顿悟问题解决过程中的假设形成。特别是，呈现跟踪刺激的参与者在开始放松限制后比控制条件下的参与者更快地找到了目标规则。
