Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;789:229-236. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_31.
Since 1970, the multifactorial pathogenesis of the deficient and heterogeneous oxygenation of transplanted murine tumors and of human cancers (including parameters determining oxygen delivery, e.g., blood flow, diffusion geometry, oxygen transport capacity of the blood) has been investigated in vivo. Hypoxia and/or anoxia was quantitatively assessed and characterized using microtechniques and special preclinical tumor models. Hypoxia subtypes were identified, and critical supply conditions were theoretically analyzed. In the 1980s, first experiments on humans were carried out in cancers of the rectum and of the oral cavity. In the 1990s, the clinical investigations were carried out on cancers of the breast and of the uterine cervix, clearly showing that hypoxia is a hallmark of locally advanced human tumors. In multivariate analysis, hypoxia was found to be an independent, adverse prognostic factor for patient survival due to hypoxia-driven malignant progression and hypoxia-associated resistance to anticancer therapy.
自 1970 年以来，人们一直在体内研究移植的鼠肿瘤和人类癌症（包括决定氧输送的参数，如血流、扩散几何形状、血液的氧气运输能力）的供氧不足和异质性的多因素发病机制。使用微技术和特殊的临床前肿瘤模型对缺氧和/或缺氧进行了定量评估和特征描述。确定了缺氧亚型，并对临界供应条件进行了理论分析。20 世纪 80 年代，首次在直肠和口腔癌的人体实验中进行了实验。20 世纪 90 年代，在乳腺癌和宫颈癌的临床研究中进行了研究，明确表明缺氧是局部晚期人类肿瘤的标志。在多变量分析中，由于缺氧驱动的恶性进展和与缺氧相关的抗癌治疗耐药性，缺氧被发现是患者生存的独立不利预后因素。
