Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Biotechnol J. 2013 Oct;8(10):1193-202. doi: 10.1002/biot.201300162. Epub 2013 Jul 15.
Plant-produced vaccines and therapeutic agents offer enormous potential for providing relief to developing countries by reducing the incidence of infant mortality caused by infectious diseases. Vaccines derived from plants have been demonstrated to effectively elicit an immune response. Biopharmaceuticals produced in plants are inexpensive to produce, require fewer expensive purification steps, and can be stored at ambient temperatures for prolonged periods of time. As a result, plant-produced biopharmaceuticals have the potential to be more accessible to the rural poor. This review describes current progress with respect to plant-produced biopharmaceuticals, with a particular emphasis on those that target developing countries. Specific emphasis is given to recent research on the production of plant-produced vaccines toward human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus, Ebola virus, human papillomavirus, rabies virus and common diarrheal diseases. Production platforms used to express vaccines in plants, including nuclear and chloroplast transformation, and the use of viral expression vectors, are described in this review. The review concludes by outlining the next steps for plant-produced vaccines to achieve their goal of providing safe, efficacious and inexpensive vaccines to the developing world.
植物生产的疫苗和治疗剂通过降低传染病导致的婴儿死亡率，为发展中国家提供了巨大的缓解潜力。已经证明，从植物中提取的疫苗可以有效地引起免疫反应。在植物中生产的生物制药成本低廉，需要较少的昂贵的纯化步骤，并且可以在环境温度下长时间储存。因此，植物生产的生物制药有可能更容易为农村贫困人口所获得。本文综述了植物生产的生物制药的最新进展，特别强调了针对发展中国家的生物制药。本文特别关注了最近在植物生产的针对人类免疫缺陷病毒、疟疾、结核病、乙型肝炎病毒、埃博拉病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、狂犬病病毒和常见腹泻病的疫苗的研究。本文还介绍了用于在植物中表达疫苗的生产平台，包括核转化和叶绿体转化，以及使用病毒表达载体。本文最后概述了植物生产的疫苗要实现为发展中国家提供安全、有效和廉价疫苗的目标所需采取的下一步措施。
