Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2013 Aug;40(8):632-8. doi: 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000430801.14841.75.
Methamphetamine (meth) use is a continuing problem in the United States and is associated with increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, few studies have examined the meth use/STI risk association among women.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of women attending public sexually transmitted disease clinics in Los Angeles County, California, from 2009 to 2010. Routinely collected clinic intake data were used to compare the prevalence of meth use among women with different demographics/sexual behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of meth use.
There were 1.4% (n = 277) women who reported meth use, with a mean age of 29 years. Prevalence was highest among Whites and those reporting both male and female partners. Most women who reported meth use also reported polysubstance use. In a multivariable model controlling for age, race/ethnicity, condom use, having a new sex partner, and other illicit substance use, women who reported sex with an injection drug user were nearly 10 times more likely to report meth use as compared with those who did not (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 9.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.86-16.75). Other factors associated with meth use included sex with a recently incarcerated partner (AOR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.16-4.86), anonymous partner (AOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.54-4.04), and transactional sex (AOR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.69-6.32). Women who tested positive for chlamydia/gonorrhea were 1.48 times more likely to use meth as compared with those who did not.
Female meth users have high-risk behaviors that could increase their risk for STIs/HIV.
在美国，甲基苯丙胺（冰毒）的使用是一个持续存在的问题，与艾滋病毒和性传播感染（STI）的风险增加有关。然而，很少有研究调查女性中冰毒使用/性传播感染风险的关联。
我们对 2009 年至 2010 年期间在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县公共性传播疾病诊所就诊的女性进行了一项横断面研究。使用常规收集的诊所入组数据比较了不同人口统计学/性行为的女性中冰毒使用的流行率。多变量逻辑回归用于确定冰毒使用的预测因素。
有 1.4%（n = 277）的女性报告使用冰毒，平均年龄为 29 岁。白人以及报告有男性和女性伴侣的女性中，冰毒使用的流行率最高。大多数报告使用冰毒的女性也报告了多物质使用。在控制年龄、种族/民族、使用避孕套、有新性伴侣和其他非法药物使用的多变量模型中，报告与注射吸毒者发生性行为的女性报告使用冰毒的可能性几乎是未报告的女性的 10 倍（调整后的优势比[OR]，9.90；95%置信区间[CI]，5.86-16.75）。与冰毒使用相关的其他因素包括与最近入狱的伴侣发生性行为（OR，3.24；95%CI，2.16-4.86）、匿名伴侣（OR，2.49；95%CI，1.54-4.04）和交易性性行为（OR，3.26；95%CI，1.69-6.32）。与未感染衣原体/淋病的女性相比，检测出衣原体/淋病阳性的女性使用冰毒的可能性高 1.48 倍。
女性冰毒使用者具有高风险行为，这可能会增加她们感染性传播感染/艾滋病毒的风险。
