Institut für Phonetik und Sprachverarbeitung, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Jul;134(1):539-50. doi: 10.1121/1.4807510.
The effects of laryngeal specification on the timing of supra-laryngeal articulations have so far received little attention. Previous research has shown that German-but not French-mixed-voicing clusters are produced with less articulatory overlap than phonologically fully voiced clusters. Articulatory and acoustic data of labial and velar stops as simple onsets and in stop + /l/ clusters are examined to probe the causes for this cross-linguistic difference in the light of the different voicing implementations of French and German. The absence of overlap in German mixed-voicing clusters is attributed to the requirement of a time slot for the stop's aspiration phase. Since French does not commonly have aspirated stops, French clusters are expected to pattern with the voiced German clusters. The results confirm that voicing patterns established for simple onsets in the literature in terms of voice onset time of both German and French also obtain in clusters. Furthermore, the data show that contrary to the expectations French clusters pattern with German mixed-voicing clusters. This low degree of overlap in both voiceless and voiced French clusters indicates that overlap is restricted by aerodynamic requirements which result from the implementations of the voicing contrast.
喉位特征对超音段发音的时间的影响迄今尚未得到太多关注。先前的研究表明，德语而非法语的混合发声音节比音位上完全浊化的音节的发音重叠要少。本文通过唇音和软腭音塞音作为简单起始音以及塞音+ /l/ 组合的发音动作和声学数据，来探查在法语和德语不同的浊音实现的背景下，导致这种跨语言差异的原因。德语混合发声音节中没有重叠，这归因于塞音的送气阶段需要一个时间槽。由于法语通常没有送气塞音，因此预计法语音节的模式与德语浊音音节的模式相同。结果表明，文献中根据德国和法语的嗓音起始时间建立的简单起始音的发声模式也适用于音节。此外，数据表明，与预期相反，法语音节与德语混合发声音节的模式相同。这两种无声和有声的法语音节的重叠程度都很低，这表明重叠受到由浊音对比的实现所产生的空气动力学要求的限制。
