Heinrich Bernd
Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Evol Psychol. 2013 Jul 18;11(3):743-61. doi: 10.1177/147470491301100316.
Animals' choice behavior is driven by motivation that is attributable to both innate urges and from positive and negative reinforcements. Using a comparative approach as well as experimental evidence, I explore how the first involves fitness-enhancing benefits from aesthetics that are derived from ancestral choices via natural selection. Innate urges and aesthetics help guide animals to produce appropriate positive and negative choices that are species-specific. Choices of food, habitat and mates or associates are considered. I propose that art is not a uniquely human product, but a representation or an extension of the maker, as are the ornaments, displays, and songs of a bird.
动物的选择行为由动机驱动，这种动机既归因于先天冲动，也来自正面和负面强化。通过比较方法以及实验证据，我探究了前者如何涉及从美学中获得的增强适应性的益处，这些益处源自通过自然选择的祖先选择。先天冲动和美学有助于引导动物做出适合特定物种的适当的正面和负面选择。考虑了对食物、栖息地、配偶或同伴的选择。我提出艺术并非人类独有的产物，而是创作者的一种表现或延伸，就像鸟类的装饰、展示和歌声一样。
