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神经精神药理学美学:关于美学与艺术中致病大脑研究的药理学方法的理论思考

Neuropsychopharmacological aesthetics: A theoretical consideration of pharmacological approaches to causative brain study in aesthetics and art.

作者信息

Spee Blanca, Ishizu Tomohiro, Leder Helmut, Mikuni Jan, Kawabata Hideaki, Pelowski Matthew

机构信息

University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Vienna, Austria.

Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

Prog Brain Res. 2018;237:343-372. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.021. Epub 2018 May 10.

Abstract

Recent developments in neuroaesthetics have heightened the need for causative approaches to more deeply understand the mechanism underlying perception, emotion, and aesthetic experiences. This has recently been the topic for empirical work, employing several causative methods for changing brain activity, as well as comparative assessments of individuals with brain damage or disease. However, one area of study with high potential, and indeed a long history of often nonscientific use in the area of aesthetics and art, employing psychopharmacological chemicals as means of changing brain function, has not been systematically utilized. This chapter reviews the literature on this topic, analyzing neuroendocrinological (neurochemical) approaches and mechanisms that might be used to causatively study the aesthetic brain. We focus on four relevant neuromodulatory systems potentially related to aesthetic experience: the dopaminergic, serotonergic, cannabinoid, and the opioidergic system. We build a bridge to psychopharmacological methods and review drug-induced behavioral and neurobiological consequences. We conclude with a discussion of hypotheses and suggestions for future research.

摘要

神经美学领域的最新进展,使得采用因果关系研究方法来更深入地理解感知、情感和审美体验背后的机制变得愈发必要。这最近已成为实证研究的主题,研究采用了多种改变大脑活动的因果关系方法,以及对脑损伤或疾病患者的比较评估。然而,一个具有巨大潜力的研究领域,实际上在美学和艺术领域有着长期非科学应用的历史,即使用精神药理学化学物质作为改变大脑功能的手段,尚未得到系统利用。本章回顾了关于这一主题的文献,分析了可能用于对审美大脑进行因果关系研究的神经内分泌学(神经化学)方法和机制。我们重点关注四个可能与审美体验相关的神经调节系统:多巴胺能系统、5-羟色胺能系统、大麻素系统和阿片肽能系统。我们搭建了通向精神药理学方法的桥梁,并回顾了药物诱导的行为和神经生物学后果。最后,我们讨论了相关假说以及对未来研究的建议。

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