School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Water Res. 2013 Sep 15;47(14):4966-77. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.042. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Fate and removal of 16 steroidal (estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic) hormones were studied during advanced anaerobic digestion of sludge cake using microwave (MW) pretreatment. Effect of pretreatment temperature (80, 120, 160 °C), operating temperature (mesophilic at 35 ± 2 °C, thermophilic at 55 ± 2 °C) and sludge retention time (SRT: 20, 10, 5 days) were studied employing eight lab-scale semi-continuously fed digesters. To determine the potential effect of MW hydrolysis, hormones were quantified in total (sorbed + soluble) and supernatant (soluble) phases of the digester influent and effluent streams. Seven of 16 hormones were above the method reporting limit (RL) in one or more of the samples. Hormone concentrations in total phase of un-pretreated (control) and pretreated digester feeds ranged in <157-2491 ng/L and <157-749 ng/L, respectively. The three studied factors were found to be statistically significant (95% confidence level) in removal of one or more hormones from soluble and/or total phase. MW hydrolysis of the influent resulted in both release (from sludge matrix) and attenuation of hormones in the soluble phase. Accumulation of estrone (E1) as well as progesterone (Pr) and androstenedione (Ad) in most of the digesters indicated possible microbial transformations among the hormones. Compared to controls, all pretreated digesters had lower total hormone concentrations in their influent streams. At 20 days SRT, highest total removal (E1+E2+Ad +Pr) was observed for the thermophilic control digester (56%), followed by pretreated mesophilic digesters at 120 °C and 160 °C with around 48% efficiency. In terms of conventional performance parameters, relative (to control) improvements of MW pretreated digesters at a 5-d SRT ranged in 98-163% and 57-121%, for volatile solids removal and methane production, respectively.
在使用微波（MW）预处理的污泥饼高级厌氧消化过程中，研究了 16 种甾体（雌激素、雄激素和孕激素）激素的命运和去除情况。研究了预处理温度（80、120、160°C）、操作温度（中温 35±2°C、高温 55±2°C）和污泥停留时间（SRT：20、10、5 天）对 8 个实验室规模半连续进料消化器的影响。为了确定 MW 水解的潜在影响，在消化器进水和出水的总（吸附+溶解）和上清液（溶解）相中定量了激素。在一个或多个样品中，有 7 种激素超过了方法报告限（RL）。未预处理（对照）和预处理消化器进料的总相中激素浓度分别在<157-2491ng/L 和<157-749ng/L 范围内。研究的三个因素在从可溶性和/或总相中去除一种或多种激素方面被发现具有统计学意义（95%置信水平）。MW 对进水的水解导致激素在可溶性相中释放（从污泥基质中）和衰减。大多数消化器中雌酮（E1）以及孕酮（Pr）和雄烯二酮（Ad）的积累表明激素之间可能存在微生物转化。与对照相比，所有预处理消化器的进水总激素浓度都较低。在 SRT 为 20 天时，高温对照消化器的总去除率最高（E1+E2+Ad+Pr，为 56%），其次是 120°C 和 160°C 的预处理中温消化器，效率约为 48%。就常规性能参数而言，在 SRT 为 5 天时，MW 预处理消化器相对于对照的改进幅度分别在 98-163%和 57-121%之间，挥发性固体去除率和甲烷产量分别提高。
