Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Spain).
Span J Psychol. 2013;16:E30. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2013.52.
This study evaluates the prevalence of HIV stigma in Spain and analyzes some variables that may affect its existence. In 2008, we conducted a computer-assisted telephone survey of 1607 people, representative of the Spanish population. Two-wave random stratified sampling was performed, first selecting the home and then the person, depending on the rates of age and sex. About 50% of the population feels discomfort about potential contact with people with HIV and tries to avoid it and 20% advocate discriminatory policies involving physical or social segregation of people with HIV. The belief that HIV is easily transmitted through social contact (15%) and blaming people with HIV for their disease (19.3%) are associated with stigmatization. Degree of proximity to people with HIV, political ideology, educational level, and age are also associated with the degree of stigmatization. According to these results, we suggest that, in order to reduce stigma, we need to modify the erroneous beliefs about the transmission pathways, decrease attributions of blame to people with HIV, and increase contact with them. These interventions should particularly target older people, people with a low educational level, and people with a more conservative political ideology.
本研究评估了西班牙的艾滋病污名现状，并分析了一些可能影响其存在的变量。2008 年，我们对 1607 名具有代表性的西班牙人口进行了计算机辅助电话调查。采用两阶段随机分层抽样法，首先根据年龄和性别比率选择家庭，然后选择家庭中的个人。约 50%的人对与艾滋病毒感染者潜在接触感到不适，并试图避免这种接触，20%的人主张涉及艾滋病毒感染者身体或社会隔离的歧视性政策。认为艾滋病毒很容易通过社会接触传播（15%）和将疾病归咎于艾滋病毒感染者（19.3%）与污名化有关。与艾滋病毒感染者的接近程度、政治意识形态、教育水平和年龄也与污名化程度有关。根据这些结果，我们建议，为了减少污名化，我们需要改变对传播途径的错误信念，减少对艾滋病毒感染者的指责，并增加与他们的接触。这些干预措施应特别针对老年人、教育水平较低的人和政治意识形态较为保守的人。
