Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, DK-8300 Tjele, Denmark.
Animal. 2013 Oct;7(10):1721-30. doi: 10.1017/S1751731113001353. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
A minimally invasive biopsy technique was evaluated for udder tissue collection in dairy cows with Escherichia coli mastitis. Meanwhile, the effect of taking repeated liver and udder biopsies on the systemic and local acute phase response (APR) of the dairy cows was investigated during the disease. The cows were divided into a biopsy group (B) (n = 16) and a no-biopsy group (NB) (n = 16) and were sampled in the acute disease stage and in the recovery stage. The cows' pre-disease period served as a control period for establishing baseline values for the investigated parameters. A total of 32 Holstein-Friesian cows were inoculated with 20 to 40 colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli in one front quarter at 0 hour. Liver biopsies were collected at -144, 12, 24 and 192 h, and udder biopsies were collected at 24 and 192 h post E. coli inoculation (PI) using a minimally invasive biopsy technique. Effects of combined biopsying were investigated by recording production traits, clinical response, and measuring inflammatory milk and blood parameters: E. coli, somatic cell count, milk amyloid A (MAA) levels, white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte numbers and serum amyloid A levels at several time points. E. coli inoculation changed all production parameters and the clinical and inflammatory response in all cows except one that was not infected. Combined biopsying had no constant or transient effect on the daily feed intake, the clinical responsiveness or the blood parameters, but affected the daily milk yield and some milk parameters transiently, that is, the presence of blood in milk, increased E. coli counts and MAA levels during the acute disease stage. Combined biopsying had no effect on the parameters in the recovery stage apart from the presence of blood in the milk. In conclusion, although, a minimally invasive biopsy technique was used, tissue damages could not be avoided when biopsying and they transiently affected the inflammatory parameters in the mammary gland. Nevertheless, we believe combined biopsying of liver and udder is as an acceptable approach to study the systemic and local APR in dairy cows during E. coli mastitis, if the timing of biopsying and other types of sampling is planned accordingly.
采用微创活检技术评估大肠杆菌乳腺炎奶牛的乳房组织采集情况。同时，研究了在疾病过程中，奶牛反复进行肝和乳房活检对其全身和局部急性期反应（APR）的影响。将奶牛分为活检组（B）（n=16）和非活检组（NB）（n=16），并在急性疾病期和恢复期进行采样。奶牛的疾病前时期作为调查参数的基线值建立的对照期。共有 32 头荷斯坦弗里森奶牛在 0 小时时将 20 到 40 个菌落形成单位（cfu）的大肠杆菌接种到一个前四分体中。使用微创活检技术，在-144、12、24 和 192 小时采集肝活检，在 E. coli 接种后 24 和 192 小时采集乳房活检（PI）。通过记录生产性状、临床反应和测量炎症性牛奶和血液参数：大肠杆菌、体细胞计数、牛奶淀粉样蛋白 A（MAA）水平、白细胞计数、多形核中性白细胞数量和血清淀粉样蛋白 A 水平，研究了联合活检的影响在几个时间点。大肠杆菌接种改变了所有奶牛的所有生产参数和临床及炎症反应，除了一头未感染的奶牛。联合活检对奶牛的每日采食量、临床反应或血液参数没有恒定或暂时的影响，但会暂时影响每日产奶量和一些牛奶参数，即在急性疾病阶段，牛奶中存在血液、大肠杆菌计数增加和 MAA 水平升高。除了牛奶中存在血液外，联合活检对恢复期的参数没有影响。总之，尽管使用了微创活检技术，但在活检时仍无法避免组织损伤，并且它们会暂时影响乳腺的炎症参数。然而，如果相应地计划活检和其他类型的采样的时间，我们认为联合肝和乳房活检是研究大肠杆菌乳腺炎奶牛全身和局部 APR 的一种可接受的方法。
